中国国有农场化肥投入效率测度及其时空分异

Time and space differences in fertilizer input efficiency of state-owned farms in China

为探讨中国垦区国有农场化肥投入效率及其时空分布情况,基于1994—2017年的省级面板数据,采用随机前沿投入距离函数测算了各省国有农场的化肥投入效率,并分析其时空分异特征。研究发现:1)国有农场化肥投入效率均值仅为0.485,存在严重的利用低效问题,化肥削减潜力巨大;2)在时间维度,国有农场化肥投入效率整体上呈现下降趋势;在空间维度,国有农场化肥投入效率呈现东部<中部<西部、南方<北方的非均衡格局;3)国有农场化肥施用强度远高于其他生产经营主体,且施用强度与投入效率之间存在较强的负相关性。

Using the stochastic fontier input distance function and based on the provincial statistical data from 1994 to2017,the paper analyzed the fertilizer input efficiency and its spatial and temporal distribution of state-owned farms in reclamation areas.The results showed that:1)The average fertilizer input efficiency of state-owned farms was 0.485,indicating there was serious inefficient use of fertilizer and fertilizer reduction potential was huge;2)In the time dimension,the fertilizer input efficiency of state-owned farms showed an overall trend of decreasing.In the spatial dimension,the fertilizer input efficiency of state-owned farms showed an unbalanced pattern of east< central< west and the pattern of south< north;3)The input intensity of fertilizer in state-owned farms was much higher than that of other producers and operators,and there was a strong negative correlation between the input intensity of fertilizer and the input efficiency.