玉米倒伏的影响因素及抗倒伏性研究进展

Research progress on influencing factors of lodging and lodging resistance in maize

为了解玉米倒伏问题的研究现状,对1984—2019年国内外有关的文献报道进行分析及汇总,比较总结抗倒伏性鉴定指标及评价方法。结果表明:影响玉米倒伏的因素较多,从内在品种的遗传性到外界环境、再到栽培耕作措施等,分别不同程度地影响倒伏,因此高效栽培技术体系建立和抗倒优质种质创新变得尤为重要。不同抗倒伏鉴定及评价方法所得出的结果准确性不相同,应充分了解各种方法的原理并选择合适的估计方法,目前倒伏模型的建立及智能遥感法在玉米倒伏预测及监测方面取得快速发展。建议未来应以良田、良种和良法为基础,建立数字化倒伏预报预警系统,综合地解决玉米倒伏问题。

To understand the research status of maize lodging problem,relevant domestic and foreign literatures from 1984 to 2019 were analyzed and summarized.The lodging resistance identification indexes and evaluation methods were compared.The results showed that:There were a number of factors affecting maize lodging,from the heredity of internal varieties to the external environment,and from tillage and cultivation measures,which respectively affected lodging at different degrees.Therefore,the establishment of simple and efficient cultivation technology system and innovation of anti-lodging high-quality germplasm became particularly important.The accuracies obtained by different methods of identification and evaluation of anti-lodging were not the same,the principle of each method should be fully understood and appropriate estimation methods should be selected.At present,the establishment of lodging model and the intelligent remote sensing method has made rapid progress in prediction and monitoring of maize lodging.In the future,the digital lodging prediction and early warning system should be established based on good fields,good seeds and good methods to comprehensively solve the lodging problem in maize production.