美国职业体育伤病保险制度及研究进展

A Literature Review on Professional Sports Injury and Illness Insurance System in the USA

运用文献资料调研、比较分析等方法,梳理和考察美国职业体育伤病保险制度及其研究进展。结果表明:美国职业体育伤病保险制度在实践中形成了以州为单位的工伤补偿(保险)和以职业体育联盟为单位的行业保险两类相互独立又相互影响的制度体系。美国职业体育伤病保险的研究涉及各州工伤补偿法对职业运动员工伤的法律适用,司法改革与职业体育伤病保险的制度建设,退役运动员、低水平运动员及女性运动员伤病保险,运动员职业失能保险、运动员合同保险以及与运动员伤病相关责任保险等问题。以美国四大职业体育联盟及部分小职业体育联盟的退役运动员、低水平运动员和女性运动员为重点,揭示了美国职业体育伤病保险制度的形成及其形成过程中相关方的利益博弈,为中国职业体育伤病保险制度建设提供了域外之鉴。中国应利用体制优势,坚持“放管服”相结合,探索建立符合中国国情的职业体育伤病保险制度,并以此推动职业体育与非职业体育保险制度的均衡发展。

This paper probes into and makes a literature review on the professional sports injury and illness insurance system in the USA.The result shows:The professional sports injury and illness insurance system in the United States has developed into two independent and mutually influential systems:State-based workers‘compensation(insurance)system and sports league-based injury and illness insurance system.The related research on professional sports injury and illness insurance in the United States mainly focuses on the legal application of state workers'compensation law for professional athletes’work related injury and illness,the judicial reform and the development of professional sports injury and illness insurance system,the injury and illness insurance of retired athletes,non-elite athletes and women athletes,as well as the specific types of insurance such as player disability insurance,player contract insurance,liability insurance of the relevant personnel and so on.The research subjects are mainly concentrated in the four professional sports leagues and some minor professional sports leagues in the USA.The researches have revealed the professional sports dilemmas of benefit distribution center around athletes’injuries and illness in the USA.Besides these researches have provided an extraterritorial guidance for the construction of related system of professional sports in China.China should make use of the institutional advantages of itself,adhere to combination of“release,supervise and serve”functions and establish an injury and illness insurance system of professional sports in line with China's national conditions,so as to promote the balanced development of professional sports and non-professional sports security systems.