不同氮素形态和浓度水平对浙贝母产量和品质的影响

Effect of Different Nitrogen Forms and Concentrations on Yield and Quality of Fritillaria thunbergii

目的:研究不同氮素形态配施对浙贝母产量和品质的影响,为浙贝母氮肥的科学施用及重庆地区的迁地引种提供依据。方法:采用盆栽试验法,研究了2种氮素形态的5种浓度水平即硝态氮(NO3--N)-铵态氮(NH4+-N)为15∶0(N1),12∶3(N2),7. 5∶7. 5(N3),3∶12(N4),0∶15(N5)处理下,引种栽培的浙贝母生长及生理生化、土壤因子、生物碱含量及产量的变化。结果:与不施氮(CK)处理组相比,不同氮素营养配施对浙贝母生长和品质均有显著提高,相互间存在差异。其中,随着铵态氮浓度的增加:①在硝态氮-铵态氮比为3∶12时,株高、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性达到最大,较CK组分别增加了9. 27%,206. 62%;②在硝态氮-铵态氮比为0∶15时,叶长,叶宽,茎粗,叶绿素a,叶绿素b,叶绿素总量,速效磷含量,有机质含量、总生物碱含量/产量达到最大,分别高于CK处理组14. 02%,16. 44%,13. 68%,40. 75%,45. 31%,41. 72%,77. 70%,14. 70%,24. 61%/47. 39%;随着硝态氮浓度的增加;③在硝态氮-铵态氮比为7. 5∶7. 5时,叶形指数、可溶性蛋白含量、贝母辛含量/产量、贝母素乙产量、鳞茎干重均达到最大,分别高于CK处理组2. 54%,5. 92%,21. 76%/54. 55%,60. 61%,26. 93%;④在硝态氮-铵态氮比为12∶3时,类胡萝卜素含量、色素含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、贝母素甲含量/产量、贝母素乙含量、贝母素(甲+乙)含量/产量、贝母素(甲+乙)+贝母辛含量/产量、鳞茎湿重均达到最大,分别高于CK处理组45. 39%,45. 31%,271. 38%,67. 45%,39. 82%/64. 87%,36. 01%,38. 90%/63. 80%,37. 03%/61. 57%,20. 29%。结论:较高比例的铵态氮利于浙贝母的生长;而较高比例的硝态氮利于浙贝母鳞茎的生长以及代谢产物生物碱的积累。氮素配比施用(硝态氮-铵态氮比为12:3)较单一形态氮素更有利于提高浙贝母的产量和品质。

Objective:To investigate the effect of different nitrogen forms and concentrations on yield and quality in Fritillaria thunbergii,and provide basis for improving scientific utilization of nitrogenous fertilizer and its introduction to Chongqing area. Method: The pot culture experiment was conducted to investigate the changes in growth,physiological and biochemical characteristics,soil factors,alkaloid content and yield of Fritillaria thunbergii under the ratio of nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N)to ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N)of 15∶0(N1),12∶3(N2),7. 5∶7. 5(N3),3∶12(N4)and 0∶15(N5). Result: As compared with no-nitrogen(CK)treatment group,the growth and quality of F. thunbergii were significantly improved by different nitrogen nutrition treatments,with differences among them. With the increase of ammonium nitrogen concentration:①plant height and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)reached the maximum when the ratio of NO3--N to NH4+-N was3∶12,increased by 9. 27% and 206. 62% respectively compared with the CK group,② the length and width of leaf,stem diameter,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,total chlorophyll content,the content of available P and organic matter,total alkaloid content and yield reach the maximum when the ratio of NO3--N to NH4+-N was 0∶15,increased by 14. 02%,16. 44%,13. 68%,40. 75%,45. 31%,41. 72%,77. 70%,14. 70%,24. 61%/47. 39%respectively compared with the CK group,with the increase of nitrate nitrogen concentration,③the leaf index,soluble protein content,peimisine content/yield,yield of peiminine and dry weight of bulbs reached the maximum when the ratio of NO3--N to NH4+-N was 7. 5∶7. 5,increased by 2. 54%,5. 92%,21. 76%/54. 55%,60. 61% and 26. 93%,respectively compared with the CK group,④ the content of carotenoids,pigment and peiminine,the activity of peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT),the content/yield of peimine,both peimine and peiminine,both peimine,peiminine and peimisine,dry weight of bulbs reached the maximum when the ratio of NO3--N to NH4+-N was 12∶3,increased by 45. 39%,45. 31%,36. 01%,271. 38%,67. 45%,39. 82%/64. 87%,38. 90%/63. 80%,37. 03%/61. 57%,20. 29% respectively compared with the CK group. Conclusion: All the results indicated that a higher proportion of NH4+-N is beneficial to the growth of F. thunbergii,while NO3--N is beneficial to the accumulation of alkaloids and the growth of bulbs. Therefore,the combined application of ammonium and nitrate(NO3--N to NH4+-N ratio of 12∶3)is more effective than pure nitrate or pure ammonium applications to improve the yield and quality of F. thunbergii.