濒危药用植物掌裂兰Dactylorhiza hatagirea适宜区划分析

Regional suitability analysis of endangered medicinal plant Dactylorhiza hatagirea

野生植物掌裂兰为藏族医药常用药材,近年来由于采挖不当以及生境恶化等原因濒临灭绝。该研究综合文献研究成果,结合青海省气象及实地调研数据,以掌裂兰典型分布区的海拔、湿润指数、年平均风速、生长季月平均区划指标(日照数、降水量、气温、土壤类型、植被类型)为依据,运用ArcGIS软件进行空间叠加分析。结果发现,青海省内掌裂兰分布于青海东部和南部的高山湿生草甸。以青海湖为界,南部多适宜区,东部为较适宜区,总面积达30700 km^2,其中河南县、泽库县、久治县和班玛县等为主要适宜地,面积约为12454 km^2。经实地验证,区划结果真实、准确、直观。研究结果可为资源调查研究、野生资源保护、人工规范化种植和划分优质高产地等提供决策依据,也为建立多学科交叉的药用植物适宜区分析方法体系提供了实证案例。

The wild plant Dactylorhiza hatagirea commonly used in Tibetan medicine.In recent years,it is on the verge of extinction due to improper excavation and habitat deterioration.Based on the literature review,and the meteorological and ecological data of Qinghai Province and data derived from the field survey,this study took the altitude,humidity index,annual average wind speed,monthly average sunshine,precipitation and temperature in growing season,soil type and vegetation type as the zoning indexes,and applied ArcGIS software for spatial superposition analysis.The results showed that the D.hatagirea was primarily found in the alpine meadow in the east and south of Qinghai Province.The overall suitable area was about 30700 km^2.Taking Qinghai Lake as the boundary for reference,the area in the south appeared to be more suitable,while the area in the east appeared to be secondary in suitability.Henan County,Zeku County,Jiuzhi County and Banma County were the main suitable areas covering the expanse of 12454 km^2.Through the field verification,such zoning results appeared to be accurate,precise and illustrative.The spatial distribution of ecological suitability provides the decision-making basis for the resource investigation,environment protection and comprehensive resource management.It also provides the empirical case for developing the interdisciplinary research method in the suitability study of medicinal plants.