辣木传统应用的文献考证

Textual research on traditional application of Moringa

辣木在域外国家有着悠久的食用、药用历史,该文对古丝绸之路沿线国家及地区的传统医药古籍和史料中关于辣木的传统应用记载进行了搜集和整理。经初步考证,辣木在我国的记载最早可追溯到出土于新疆库车的《鲍威尔写本》(第2卷,约公元4—6世纪)。8世纪前后,随着古丝绸之路的交流日益繁荣,记载有辣木的医书逐渐传入今我国西藏、新疆等地。辣木的叶、根皮、种子、茎皮均可药用,并被收录于《印度阿育吠陀药典》(API)中。其中,辣木叶被我国批准为新资源食品,API记载,其性凉,味甘,消化味甘,具有除风、消除胆汁、消除脂肪、止痛、杀腹虫、润肤、明目、清脑等功效,可用于治疗水肿、寄生虫、脾病、脓肿、肿瘤、咽肿等疾病。该文发掘并整理了辣木在"丝绸之路"交流的历史证据及其传统应用记载,以期为实现其"中药化"提供传统药用依据以及药性与功效应用参考。

Moringa has a long history of edible and medicinal use in foreign countries,this paper collected and sorted out the traditional application of Moringa recorded in the ancient medical books and historical materials of countries and regions along the ancient Silk Road.According to preliminary research,the earliest record of Moringa in China can be traced back to The Bower Manuscript(volumeⅡ)(about the 4 th—6 th century A.D.)unearthed in Kuqa,Xinjiang.Around the 8 th century,with the communication between countries along the ancient Silk Road becoming prosperous,more and more medical books containing Moringa and its prescriptions were introduced to Tibet,Xinjiang and other places in today′s China.The leaves,root bark,seeds and stem bark of Moringa all can be used for medicinal purposes and are recorded in The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India(API).Among them,Moringa leaves have been approved as a new resource food in China.According to the API,it is of cold property and sweet taste,its post-digestive effect is sweet and has the functions of removing wind,bile and fat,relieving pain,killing abdominal worms,moistening skin,brightening eyes and clearing brain.It can be used to treat edema,parasitic diseases,spleen diseases,abscess,tumor,pharyngeal swelling and other diseases.This study explored and organized the historical evidence of communication through the Silk Road and traditional application records of Moringa,in order to provide the evidence of traditional medicine basis,medicine property and efficacy application reference for the realization of the introduction of Moringa as a new resource of traditional Chinese medicine.