"疑古"与"释古"——文明探源与古史重建理论的百年反思与展望

Questioning and Interpreting Documents of Antiquity——The Theories of the Origins of Civilization and the Studies of Ancient History in the Past Century

一百年前的疑古派,一方面承宋清以来辨伪思潮余绪,另一方面又值新文化运动和考古学等西方科学方法的熏陶,遂开风气之先,本着科学与理性精神对既成的上古史系统提出疑问和挑战,从而把历史学之根本意义——求真——推向学术研究的中心位置.百年来,在文明探源与古史重建的道路上,疑古学派与释古学派、文献史学与考古学在"疑古"与"重建"的尺度上争论不断,其根本原因在于他们在研究理论与方法上存在差异.近年来,受西方新考古学影响,学界对以"二重证据法"为指导的上古史研究模式进行了深刻的反思,并力求在观念和方法上寻求突围.2019年11月8日至10日,由《中国社会科学》杂志社与南京大学历史学院、社科处联合举办的"文明探源与古史重建理论的百年反思"学术研讨会,就是这种反思和突围的行动之一.

One hundred years ago,the questioning antiquity school was influenced by the aftermath of the prevalent trend of skepticism in history which was boosted by the scholars in Song and Qing Dynasty.At the same time,China's new cultural movement and the western scientific method in archeology and other research areas,also had an impact on that school.For this reason,the questioning antiquity school led a new trend of history which raised questions and gave challenges to the old system of ancient Chinese history in the spirit of science and reason.It once again put the root meaning of history,pursuing the truth,in the core position of academic research.In this century,the questioning antiquity school and interpreting antiquity school,as well as historians and archeologists,have been arguing for the measures of“Questioning”and“Reconstruction”in exploring the origin of civilization and rebuilding the ancient Chinese history,because of the different research theory and method they used.Recent years,as the influence by the new method of western archeology,academics began to reflect deeply on the research mode of ancient Chinese history guided by the methodology of double proof,and make every effort to seek breakthrough in ideas and methods.One of the results is the“Conference on the Theories of the Origins of Civilization and the Studies of Ancient History in the Past Century”jointly held by Social Science in China Press,History School and Social Sciences Administration Department of Nanjing University from November 8 to10,2019.