重大突发公共危机事件中的社会保障应急机制

Research on the Emergency Mechanism of Social Security during Major Public Crisis

如何在重大突发公共危机事件中做好基本民生保障,是应急管理面临的重大问题。本文从社会保障制度的社会属性、政治属性和经济属性入手,阐述了社会保障制度、国家治理现代化和公共危机治理的逻辑关系,提炼出重大突发公共危机事件中社会保障制度具有降低社会整体风险、保障全体人民的基本生活需要、凝聚全社会应对公共危机的共同力量三大功能。围绕中国在新冠肺炎疫情防控中的社会保障应急实践,分析了社会保障制度应对重大突发公共危机事件的现实困境,提出了完善社会保障应急管理体制的三个基本准则,并从社会保障应急治理协同机制、需求识别机制、标准调整机制、供给保障机制和运行规范机制五个方面构建出社会保障应急机制框架,以期将中国特色社会主义制度优势转化为重大突发公共危机事件治理效能。

How to ensure the basic livelihood of people in major public emergencies is a major challenge for emergency management.Starting with the social,political and economic attributes of the security system,this research expounds the logical relationship between social security system,modernization of national governance and public crisis governance,and concludes that the social security system has three important functions,which include reducing the overall risk of the society,guaranteeing the basic living needs of the whole people and rallying the whole society to cope with the public crises.Focusing on the China’s social security emergency response to COVID-19,this research analyzes the realistic predicament of social security system in dealing with major public crises,puts forward three basic criteria for improving the emergency management system of security,and constructs the social security emergency mechanism from the aspects of coordination mechanism,demand identification mechanism,standard adjustment mechanism,supply guarantee mechanism and operation standard mechanism to transform China’s institutional advantages into effective public crisis governance.