右美托咪定预防术后认知功能障碍的机制研究进展

Research progress in the mechanism of dexmedetomidine in preventing postoperative cognitive dysfunction

术后认知功能障碍是老年人在手术与麻醉后的常见并发症。右美托咪定是一种高选择性α2受体激动剂,可以通过抑制炎症反应、抑制氧自由基产生及应激反应、调节神经递质释放、调节神经细胞凋亡自噬和对缺血再灌注损伤的保护等机制,降低术后认知功能障碍的发生率,但其具体机制和通道以及治疗效果尚未完全明确,还需大量前瞻性研究的循证支持。

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a common complication in the elderly after surgery and anesthesia.Dexmedetomidine is a highly selectiveα2 receptor agonist,which can reduce the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction through inhibiting the inflammatory response and the oxidative stress response,regulating the release of neurotransmitters and the autophagy of neuronal apoptosis and ischemia-reperfusion injury protection,and other mechanisms.But the specific mechanism and pathways and treatment effects have not been fully defined,and evidence-based support for a large number of prospective studies are needed.