自然分娩初产妇母乳喂养状况及其产褥期健康知识掌握和影响因素分析

Breastfeeding status of primiparas undergoing natural childbirth and analysis of knowledge and influencing factors of puerperal health

目的调查自然分娩初产妇母乳喂养状况及其产褥期健康知识掌握情况,并探讨其影响因素。方法选取2018年1月至2019年1月期间在安康市中医医院自然分娩的200例初产妇作为调查对象,调查统计所有初产妇的喂养方式。根据调查结果分为对照组80例和观察组120例。对照组以混合/人工喂养为主,观察组以纯母乳喂养为主,所有产妇均使用我院自行设计的问卷调查表调查,比较两组产妇的产褥期健康知识掌握情况,并采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归法分析母乳喂养的独立危险因素。结果产妇对产褥期乳房护理知识掌握最全面,掌握率为94.0%,休息与活动知识次之,掌握率为84.0%,而饮食与营养知识掌握最差,为44.0%;观察组产妇的饮食与营养知识、个人卫生知识、休息与活动知识、乳房护理知识、母乳喂养知识、计划生育知识掌握率明显高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组产妇硕士及以上、文员、家庭收入在30万以上、每天吮吸次数在8~12次以内比例明显高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素分析结果显示,文化程度、职业、家庭收入是影响母乳喂养的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论母乳喂养与文化程度、职业及家庭收入等因素密切相关。而自然分娩初产妇对乳房护理知识、休息与活动知识掌握程度较高,对其积极开展多种形式健康教育,有助于产妇顺利渡过产褥期,是保证母乳喂养成功的关键。

Objective To investigate the breastfeeding status of primipara undergoing natural childbirth and the factors influencing the knowledge of puerperal health.Methods A total of 200 primiparas who gave birth naturally from January 2018 to January 2019 in Ankang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected as the survey objects,and the feeding patterns of all primiparas were investigated and counted.According to the investigation results,the patients were divided into control group(80 cases)and observation group(120 cases).The control group was mainly given mixed/artificial feeding,while the observation group was mainly breast-fed according to breastfeeding.To analyze the health knowledge of all parturients,the influence of different education level,age and residence on the health knowledge of two groups of parturients were compared,and the independent risk factors of breast-feeding were analyzed by logistic regression method.Results The mastery of puerperal women on breast care knowledge during puerperium was the most comprehensive(with the mastery rate of 94.0%),followed by rest and activity knowledge(84.0%),and then diet and nutrition knowledge(44.0%).The mastery rate of diet and nutrition knowledge,personal hygiene knowledge,rest and activity knowledge,breast care knowledge,breast feeding knowledge,and family planning knowledge in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The proportions of primiparas with master's degree or above,who were clerks,with family income of more than 300000,with sucking times within 8-12 times per day in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that the independent risk factors affecting breastfeeding were education level,occupation,and family income(P<0.05).Conclusion Breastfeeding is closely related to factors such as educational level,occupation,and family income.However,the primipara undergoing natural childbirth has a high mastery level of knowledge of breast care,rest and activity.Actively carrying out various forms of health education will help the primipara to pass through the puerperium smoothly,which is the key to ensure the success of breastfeeding.