中国乡镇企业生产效率及技术进步时空分异

Spatio-temporal Differentiation on Production Efficiency and Technological Progress of Township Enterprises in China

运用数据包络分析及DEA-Malmquist生产率指数法,分析1990—2017年中国乡镇企业生产效率及其全要素生产率的时空演变特征。结果表明:①从效率分解指标水平差异来看,规模技术效率最高,纯技术效率次之,综合技术效率最低。②从效率水平的空间格局来看,全国乡镇企业生产效率区域发展不平衡,东部地区普遍高于中、西部地区,空间上呈现出反自然梯度格局分布特征,且整体呈现“提高—下降—回升”的历时性演变趋势。③从三大区域的技术进步变化率来看,东部地区全要素生产率变化和技术进步变化最为显著,西部地区次之,中部最低,但中部地区乡镇企业的综合技术效率和规模技术效率变化率均高于东、西部地区。

Using data envelopment analysis and DEA-Malmquist productivity index,this paper examines the space-time evolution characteristics of the production efficiency and total factor productivity of township enterprises in China from 1990 to 2017.The result shows that:(1)From the view of the difference of efficiency decomposition index level,scale efficiency is highest,the pure technical efficiency is second,and the comprehensive efficiency is lowest;(2)From the perspective of the spatial pattern of efficiency level,the production efficiency of township enterprises in China is seriously unbalanced,the eastern region is generally higher than the central and western regions,spatial distribution is opposite to natural pattern,and present the trend of“improvement-decline-rise”;(3)From the change rate of technology progress in the three major regions,the change of total factor productivity and technological progress is the most significant in the eastern region.The western region takes the second place,and the central region is the lowest.However,the changes of comprehensive efficiency and scale efficiency of township enterprises in the central region are higher than those in the east and western regions.