比例原则位阶秩序的司法适用

Judicial Application of the Hierarchical Order in the Principle of Proportionality

位阶秩序构成比例原则的规范内涵和操作路径,为比例原则调整目的与手段关系提供了重要基础。与学理建构的"三阶论"不同,我国司法实践中的比例原则,至少存在位阶秩序的"全阶式适用""截取式适用""抽象式适用"三种类型。位阶秩序在司法实践中的多样化呈现,既与分支原则的独立性和附属性有关,也与位阶秩序构成论的自身特点有关。分支原则的"显性"与"隐匿",在某种程度上反映着司法审查介入行政判断的意愿强弱。近年来,司法审查强度及其界定标准已在我国司法实践中得到发展,对比例原则的本土适用产生影响。从位阶秩序适用的多样模式到司法审查强度的多元选择,代表着比例原则在我国司法适用中的未来发展趋势。

Hierarchical order constitutes the normative connotation and operational path of the principle of proportionality and provides an important foundation for adjusting the relationship between the purpose and the means of this principle. Different from the theoretically constructed "three-order model",there are at least three types of hierarchical order in the principle of proportionality in Chinese judicial practice,that are"full application of three steps","intercepted application of necessity principle"and"abstract application of proportionality doctrine as a whole". The diversification of hierarchical order in judicial practice is related not only to the independence and subordination of subprinciples of proportionality,but also to the characteristics of hierarchical order theory itself. The"explicit"nature and"hidden"nature of the hierarchical order structure adopted in individual cases also reflect to some extent the willingness of judicial organs to intervene in administrative decisions through judicial review. In recent years,the intensity of judicial review and its definition standards have been developed in Chinese judicial practice,thus influencing the local application of the principle of proportionality. In the future,the principle of proportionality will develop from diversified modes of application of the hierarchical order to multiple choices of the intensity of judicial review.