尼采、布克哈特与人文教育的后现代困境

Nietzsche, Burckhardt, and the Postmodern Aporia of Humanistic Education

青年尼采的第二篇"不合时宜的观察"即《论史学对生活的利弊》在尼采的整个写作生涯中地位非常特别,其批判矛头明显针对德意志人文教育的史学化。尼采的这一"观察"很可能与史学大家布克哈特相关,是尼采对布克哈特教育理想的劝诫,因为布克哈特热衷于提高中产阶级市民的艺术乃至学术爱好。尼采认为,现代文明程度越高的国家,人文教育程度越高,精神生活越普遍浅薄化,大学和中学教育成了"民主的胡作非为"的温床。后现代的人文教育状况让如今的我们不得不想一个问题:尼采与布克哈特之间的隐匿对话的思想史意义是什么。

As a criticism obviously aimed at the historicization of the humanistic education in Germany,The Use and Disadvantage of History for Life,the second"Unzeitgem??e Betrachtungen"of young Nietzsche,occupies a quite special place in Nietzsche’s writing life.This"Betrachtung,"which is very likely related to Jacob Burckhardt,an authority on history,admonishes Burckhardt for his educational ideal,in view of his zeal in elevating the bourgeois appetite for art and even for scholarship.Nietzsche maintains that the ever-growing humanistic education in the highly civilized modern nations has been increasingly and universally leading to the shallowness of spiritual life.As a result,education in colleges and secondary schools falls into the breeding ground of"des demokratischen Unwesens."Compelled by the condition of the post-modern humanistic education,we cannot help but to figure out the significance in the intellectual history of the hidden dialogue between Nietzsche and Burckhardt.