陶诗“阮公”辨析——兼论《咏贫士七首》的写作时间

Discrimination of“Ruan Gong”in Tao Yuanming s Poems——Discuss the Writing Time of“Seven Poems of the Poor”

陶渊明写有《咏贫士七首》,第五首涉及袁安、阮公两位人物,“阮公”是谁?宋代已难得其详,今人亦多曰“不详”“不知”。“阮籍”“阮裕”“阮修”是可能人选,然均与陶诗不尽相符。经论证,此处“阮公”实为《宋书·良吏传》中的“阮长之”。元嘉二年(425)八月至元嘉三年(426)正月,时为江州刺史的王弘征辟阮长之为车骑从事中郎,后者于元嘉三年芒种前一日辞去武昌太守,将即将到手的一年俸禄留给后任,这便是“阮公见钱入,即日弃其官”所用之事典。“阮公”身份的确定,不仅使《咏贫士》组诗的系年问题得以解决,还为具体篇目的阐释提供了相应的历史语境,有助于深化对陶渊明其人其文的理解。

Tao Yuanming wrote“Seven Poems of the Poor”(《咏贫士七首》),the fifth involved Yuan An and Ruan Gong.Who is“Ruan Gong”(“阮公”)?It is hard to know the details in the Song Dynasty,and many people today also tag him as unknown.“Ruan Ji”,“Ruan Yu”,and“Ruan Xiu”are possible candidates,but they do not match with Tao Yuanming s Poems.It has been proven that“Ruan Gong”here is“Ruan Changzhi”.From the second year of Yuanjia(425)August,to the third year of Yuanjia(426)January,Wang Hong,who was a prince of Jiangzhou,recruited Ruan Changzhi.Ruan Changzhi resigned from Wuchang Prefecture,and left one-year salary to his successor.This is exactly the story used by“Guan Ruan sees the money and immediately abandons his official”(“阮公见钱入,即日弃其官”).The identification of“Ruan Gong”,not only solves the problem of the writing time of“Seven Poems of the Poor”,but also provides a corresponding historical background for the interpretation of specific articles,which helps to deepen the understanding of Tao Yuanming and his poems.