吉林省吸烟人群尝试戒烟现状及影响因素分析

Analysis on the status and influencing factors of smoker trying to quit smoking in Jilin

目的了解吉林省吸烟人群尝试戒烟的情况并分析其影响因素,为制定相关控烟措施提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,在吉林省抽取20个监测点7 200个家庭户,每户随机抽取1名15~69岁常住居民进行问卷调查,调查对象中共有1 817名现在吸烟者纳入。采用单因素χ^2检验和多因素Logistic回归模型分析尝试戒烟行为的影响因素。结果 1 817名现在吸烟者中,14.88%尝试过戒烟。靠自己意志力戒烟的占77.16%,采用戒烟门诊和戒烟热线方法的分别占2.78%和0.40%。单因素分析显示,年龄、文化程度、是否每日吸烟和吸烟危害的知晓程度与尝试戒烟行为有关,戒烟率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,年龄在15~24岁之间(OR=5.99),文化程度为高中(OR=2.60),完全知晓吸烟导致中风、心脏病、肺癌和阴茎勃起障碍4种疾病(OR=1.84)的吸烟者更有可能尝试戒烟(P<0.01)。结论吉林省15~69岁现在吸烟者的尝试戒烟率较低,应探索适合不同年龄和文化程度吸烟者的干预措施,加强吸烟危害的健康教育,提高吸烟者对烟草危害的认知水平,并推广戒烟门诊和戒烟热线等戒烟服务,促进吸烟者尝试戒烟。

Objective To understand the situation of attempt to quit smoking among smokers in Jilin,analyze its influencing factors to provide the basis for developing effective tobacco control measures.Methods A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to collect 7 200 households from 20 monitoring sites in Jilin.Each household randomly selected the resident aged 15 to 69 years was conducted a questionnaire survey.A total of 1 817 current smokers were included in the study.Univariate chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis using complex sampling module were used to investigate the influencing factors of attempt to quit smoking.Results Among 1 817 current smokers,14.88% of current smokers had attempted to quit smoking,77.16% of which relied on their willpower to quit smoking,and the usage rates of smoking cessation clinic and quitting smoking line were 2.78% and 0.40%.The univariate analysis showed that age,education level,whether daily smoking and awareness of smoking harm were related to the attempt to quit smoking,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that smokers with the age ranged from 15 to 24 years old(OR=5.99),high school education level(OR=2.60),or totally understanding the risk of stroke,heart disease,lung cancer and erectile dysfunction caused by smoking(OR=1.84) were more likely to make quit attempts(P<0.01).Conclusion The rate of attempts to quit smoking among current smokers aged 15 to 69 in Jilin province is still low.Intervention measures which are suitable for smokers of different ages and education levels should be explored.Health education about the harmfulness of smoking should be strengthened to increase the awareness of tobacco hazards.Smoking cessation clinics and quitting smoking line should be encouraged smokers to attempt to quit smoking.