佳木斯市2018年食源性疾病监测结果分析

Surveillance data analysis of foodborne diseases in Jiamusi in 2018

目的掌握佳木斯市食源性疾病发病特征,为制定食源性疾病防控策略提供依据。方法利用食源性疾病监测报告系统和Excel2010对佳木斯市食源性疾病监测数据归纳、整理,采用SPSS 20.0对数据进行分析,并对分析结果及影响因素进行讨论。结果佳木斯市2018年食源性疾病发病1 082例,发病率为45.67/10万。阳性样本检出率为4.17%;食源性疾病发病主要集中在7—9月份,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=692.80,P<0.05);0~6岁儿童发病人数占比最高,为28.37%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=1 495.36,P<0.05);进食粮食类及其制品发病构成比最高,为19.30%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=1 377.11,P<0.05);家庭是食源性疾病主要发生场所,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=5 348.49,P<0.05)。结论应采取有效措施控制佳木斯市食源性疾病的发生,通过健康宣传提升公众食品安全意识是关键,其中儿童食品安全性和家庭食品储藏、加工的科学性应作为宣传引导的重要内容。监管部门应加大食品卫生监管力度。

Objective To master the characteristics of foodborne diseases in Jiamusi,provide the basis for formulating the prevention and control strategies of foodborne diseases.Methods Foodborne disease monitoring and reporting system and Excel 2010 were used to summarize and organize the data.SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data,and the analysis results and possible influencing factors were discussed.Results In 2018,there were 1 082 cases of foodborne diseases in Jiamusi,with the incidence of 45.67/100 000.The detection rate of positive samples was 4.17%.The incidence was mainly concentrated in July to September with obvious seasonality,the difference was statistically significant.(χ^2=692.80,P<0.05).The incidence of 0~6 years old children accounted for 28.37%,the difference was statistically significant.(χ^2=1 495.36,P<0.05).The incidence ratio of eating food and its products was 19.30%,the difference was statistically significant.(χ^2=1 377.11,P<0.05).Family was the main place where foodborne diseases occur,the difference was statistically significant.(χ^2=5 348.49,P<0.05).Conclusion Effective measures should be taken to control the occurrence of foodborne diseases in Jiamusi.Promoting public food safety awareness through health publicity is the key,among which the scientific nature of children’s food safety and family food storage and processing should be taken as important contents of publicity and guidance.Supervision departments should strengthen food hygiene supervision.