界面超分子聚合

Supramolecular Polymerization at Interfaces

超分子聚合物诞生于高分子化学与超分子化学的交叉融合,一般是指单体间通过非共价键作用连接形成的聚合物,并在溶液或体相中表现出类似聚合物的性质。目前超分子聚合物一般通过均相溶液聚合制备得到,但溶液中的超分子聚合是一个自发的组装过程,具有浓度依赖性,组装过程不易可控。为解决此问题,研究人员可以将超分子聚合从均相溶液转移到界面,在界面上可控地制备超分子聚合物。通过界面聚合制备超分子聚合物具有一些独特的优势,如可以制备得到分子量更高的超分子聚合物,易于制备一些缺陷少、面积大、有序的二维超分子聚合物等。本文基于在液-液、气-液和固-液三种界面上制备超分子聚合物的一些代表性工作,介绍了界面超分子聚合方法和应用,并展望其未来发展。

The interplay between polymer science and supramolecular chemistry leads to formation of various supramolecular polymers.Supramolecular polymers refer to polymeric arrays whose monomers are connected together through directional noncovalent interactions,resulting in polymeric properties in solution and bulk.So far,most of supramolecular polymers are prepared in homogeneous solutions.However,it remains difficult to controllably prepare supramolecular polymers due to the spontaneous self-assembly process of supramolecular polymerization in solutions.To solve this problem,we can transfer supramolecular polymerization from solutions onto interfaces owing to the unique advantages of interfacial polymerization.For example,supramolecular polymers with higher molecular weights can be obtained through supramolecular interfacial polymerization than that of prepared through solution polymerization.Moreover,two-dimensional supramolecular polymeric membranes fabricated by interfacial polymerization are inherently defect-free,large-area and ordered.In this review,we will highlight recent and important progresses in the area of supramolecular polymers at interfaces,including liquid-liquid,gas-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces.Subsequently,the applications of functional supramolecular polymers prepared by interfacial polymerization are also introduced,such as gas separation,cargo loading and catalysis.Finally,some of the current challenges and opportunities of supramolecular polymers at interfaces are proposed and discussed.