法人董事之可能与构建

The Possibility and Institutional Construction of Corporate Directors

在董事能否由法人担任这一问题上,各国立法存在较大差异。我国法律虽无明确规定,但从解释论上而言实际将董事局限于自然人范围之内。然而,"董事只能由自然人担任"这一规范解释的合理性与正当性值得商榷。事实上,法人担任董事所涉及的人格问题、代表人利益冲突以及董事独立性疑虑均能够在法人董事制度内部实现逻辑自洽。法人董事在提高董事会实效、回应法人股东需求,以及平衡控制股东责任等方面具有自然人董事所不可比拟的优势。不论是于集团内部为母公司提供对子公司实质合理的驾驭之术,还是引入专业管理公司进入董事会改善公司治理之困境,均是法人董事于商业环境之有效运用。此外,法人担任公司董事的构建,可通过建立强制任命常任代表与完善连带责任规则等制度予以实现。

Regarding the issue of whether directors could be legal persons,there are huge differences in the legislations among various countries.Although there is no clear regulation in China’s legal system,director is actually limited to the scope of natural person in terms of the interpretation.However,the rationality and legitimacy of this traditional concept,namely the directors can only be appointed by natural persons,is debatable.In fact,the personality issues,the conflict of interests of the representatives and the doubts about the independence of the directors involved in the corporate directors could be solved within the framework of itself.Corporate directors have the advantage that natural person directors cannot match in improving the effectiveness of the board of directors,responding to the needs of institutional shareholders,and balancing the responsibilities of controlling shareholders.Whether it is to provide the parent company with a reasonable control of the subsidiary within the group,or to introduce professional management companies into the board of directors to improve corporate governance,are the effective implementation of corporate directors in the business environment.If a legal person is allowed to serve as a company director,it is necessary to construct and improve the system of mandatory appointment of permanent representatives and joint liability rules.