我国法律制度对商事仲裁性质的误解——从临时仲裁谈起

Misinterpretation of the Nature of Commercial Arbitration in China’s Legal System--Start from ad hoc arbitration

仲裁是当今国际社会解决跨境商事争端的最普遍方式。与机构仲裁相比,临时仲裁由于其突出的灵活性和效率性,在许多情况下均得到当事人的青睐,并为世界各国的法律制度所承认。然而我国法律却对临时仲裁持否定态度,其深层次原因在于我国建立仲裁制度之初所面临的政治、经济和社会环境。拒绝临时仲裁体现出我国法律制度对于商事仲裁性质的根本误解。商事仲裁是建立在当事人私权利基础上的争端解决机制,而并非体现公权力的"准司法"制度,这种误解导致了我国仲裁立法的结构性错误。我国应当以《仲裁法》修订为契机,纠正对于仲裁性质的误解,接受临时仲裁,并对相关法律进行全面梳理和调整,以此打造国际化、现代化的商事仲裁制度。

Arbitration is the most common way for the international community to resolve cross-border commercial disputes.Compared with institutional arbitration,due to its outstanding flexibility and efficiency,ad hoc arbitration is favored by the parties in many cases and recognized by the legal systems of countries around the world.However,China’s laws hold a negative attitude towards ad hoc arbitration.The underlying reason lies in the political,economic,and social environment that our country faced when it established the arbitration system.The rejection of ad hoc arbitration reflects the fundamental misinterpretation of the nature of commercial arbitration in our legal system.Commercial arbitration is a dispute settlement mechanism based on the private rights of the parties,rather than a"quasi-judicial"system that reflects public power.This misinterpretation has led to structural errors in our arbitration legislation.China should seek the revision of the Arbitration Law as an opportunity to correct misinterpretation about the nature of arbitration,thus introduce ad hoc arbitration,and comprehensively sort out and adjust the relevant laws to create an international,modern,and textbook commercial arbitration system.