司法与民主的对冲与平衡:对司法问责的审视

The Counterbalancing and Balancing of Justice and Democracy:The Analysis of Judicial Accountability

司法问责植根于司法与民主之间对冲和平衡的原理及实践。司法问责中包含着司法问责的正当性、司法问责的主体、司法问责的事由、司法问责结果等基本内容,并在类别上体现为法定性问责、公权性问责、社会性问责,而司法选任和司法惩戒则合力构成了司法问责的制度性基础。司法问责的理论内核表现为意图对民主权力行使同司法权合理运作之间的边界和维度进行有序勾勒。任何一国司法问责的具体操作都需立足于自身政治体制中司法与民主之间的现实基础,而逐步对司法权属性和运作、国家权力配置和格局、问责基本内容和要求等予以合理审视和考量。

Judicial accountability is rooted in the principles and practices of counterbalancing and balancing between justice and democracy.Judicial accountability includes the legality of judicial accountability,the subject of judicial accountability,the causes of judicial accountability,and the results of judicial accountability.For the categories of judicial accountability,it includes legal accountability,public authority accountability and the accountability of social controls,while judicial selection and judicial punishment jointly constitute the institutional basis of judicial accountability.The theoretical core of judicial accountability is expressed as an intention to outline the boundaries and dimensions between the exercise of democratic power and the rational operation of judicial power.The specific operation of judicial accountability in any country needs to be based on the realistic basis of justice and democracy in its own political system,and gradually review and consider the attributes and operations of judicial power,the allocation and pattern of state power,the basic content and requirements of accountability,etc.