重症监护病房护士职业性肌肉骨骼疾患的患病率及危险因素分析

Analysis on prevalence and risk factors of musculoskeletal diseases among nurses in intensive care unit

目的调查南通大学附属海安医院和海安市中医院重症监护室(ICU)护士中职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(WRMDs)的患病率和危险因素。方法选取2017年12月-2018年12月南通大学附属海安医院和海安市中医院ICU护士,采用一般资料调查问卷、中文版肌肉骨骼症状问卷、中文版肌肉损伤风险感知量表、生理因素评价量表、中文版工作内容量表和付出-回馈失衡量表、中文版医院安全氛围量表对南通大学附属海安医院和海安市中医院ICU 100名护士进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果96名护士(96.0%)报告在过去一年内至少经历过一次WRMDs;80名护士(80.0%)患有腰背痛,78名护士(78.0%)患有颈部痛,70名护士(70.0%)患有肩部痛;职业相关性肌肉骨骼疾患与女性(OR=0.114)、已婚状态(OR=0.135)、更高的风险感知(OR=2.351)和缺乏安全的工作环境(OR=1.055)显著相关(均P<0.05)。结论腰背痛是ICU护士最常见的职业相关性肌肉骨骼疾患,性别、婚姻状况、风险感知和安全环境是ICU护士WRMDs的危险因素。ICU护士和管理人员需要加强风险意识,改善身体和心理社会工作条件,以提供更安全的工作环境。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal diseases(WRMDs)among nurses in the intensive care unit(ICU)of Hai’an Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University and Hai’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Methods From December 2017 to December 2018,100 ICU nurses from the Hai’an Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University and Hai’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were collected and investigated by using the general information questionnaire,the Chinese version of the Musculoskeletal Symptom Questionnaire,and the Chinese version of the Muscle Injury Risk Awareness Scale,the Physiological Factor Evaluation Scale,the Chinese version of the Work Content Scale and the Chinese version of the Pay-reward Loss Scale,and the Chinese version of the Hospital Safety Atmosphere scale.Results 96(96.0%)nurses reported having experienced at least one WRMDs in the past year.80(80%)nurses suffered from low back pain,78(78%)nurseshad neck pain,and 70(70%)nurses had shoulder pain.WRMDs were significantly correlated with women(OR=0.114),married state(OR=0.135),higher risk perception(OR=2.351)and a lack of safe working environment(OR=1.055).Conclusion Low back pain is the most common WRMDs of ICU nurses,Gender,marital status,risk perception and safe environment are risk factors for WRMDs of ICU nurses.ICU nurses and managers need to strengthen risk awareness and improve physical and psychosocial working conditions to provide a safer working environment.