2015-2018年东北地区某采油厂职业病危害因素调查

Investigation on occupational hazards in an oil production plant in northeast China form 2015 to 2018

目的调查东北地区某采油厂历年职业病危害情况,为采油厂职业卫生管理提供参考依据。方法采用职业卫生现场调查、职业卫生检测、统计学分析等方法对2015-2018年东北地区某采油厂职业病危害因素进行分析。结果2015-2018年东北地区某采油厂在生产过程中主要职业病危害因素为二氧化锰、碳酸钠、硫化氢、非甲烷总烃、电焊烟尘、其他粉尘和噪声;历年检测结果合格率在94.58%~97.43%之间,不同年份检测合格率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=43.627,P<0.05);有毒有害气体历年检测结果和噪声历年检测结果比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=14.288,31.619,P<0.05);粉尘历年检测结果比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^2=6.238,P>0.05);有毒有害气体检测合格率最高(99.74%),噪声检测合格率最低(93.60%);超标点主要为电焊操作位,分散装置和注水泵(机组),主要危害因素为二氧化锰、其他粉尘和噪声。结论2015-2018年东北地区某采油厂检测结果合格率比其他城市高,职业卫生管理各项工作相对较好,但部分超标场所仍需加强管理。

Objective To investigate the status of occupational hazards in an oil production plant in northeast China over the years,provide reference for occupational health management of oil production plant.Methods The occupational hazard factors in an oil production plant in northeast China from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed by the methods of field occupational health investigation,occupational health detection and statistical analysis.Results From 2015 to 2018,the main occupational hazard factors in an oil production plant in northeast China were manganese dioxide,sodium carbonate,hydrogen sulfide,non methane hydrocarbon,welding fume,other dust and noise.The qualified rates of the test results over the years were between 94.58%-97.43%.There was statistically significant difference in qualified rate among different years(χ^2=43.627,P<0.05).The differences in the test results of toxic and harmful gases and noise were statistically significant among different years(χ^2=14.288,31.619,P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in test results o f noise among different years(χ^2=6.238,P>0.05).The qualified rate of toxic and harmful gas detection was the highest(99.74%),and the qualified rate of noise detection was the lowest(93.60%).The over standard points were mainly welding operation position,dispersion device and water injection pump(unit).The main hazard factors were manganese dioxide,other dust and noise.Conclusion The qualified rates of the test results in an oil production plant in northeast China from 2015-2018 is higher than that of other cities.The work of occupational health management is relatively good,but management in some places exceeding the standard still needs to be strengthened.