借势:在华外国商会的择地游说行为

Leveraging Political Potential Energy:Venue Shopping by Foreign Chambers of Commerce in China

中国政策过程中的政治势能作为一种微观机制,存在于特定制度环境与在华外国商会游说行为之间,具体表现为外国商会根据不同政策过程的政治势能强弱程度,在东道国和母国、纵向和横向政策部门间“借势”选择相应游说场地,实施择地游说行为。基于这一分析框架,分别对中国美国商会和上海美国商会游说《劳动合同法》以及中国欧盟商会游说《外商投资法》两大典型案例展开研究,分析了不同立法过程中的政治势能强弱程度,以及外国商会“借势”实施择地游说行为的类型、特征及结果,并总结了这一现象对东道国国家—社会关系的可能影响。

As a micro-mechanism,the political potential energy of China’s policy process exists between the giveninstitutional context and the lobbying behavior by foreign chambers of commerce in China.Leveraging on such political potential energy,foreign chambers of commerce conduct“venue shopping”as a lobbying strategy by selecting either host or home country and either vertical or horizontal venue.This paper therefore uses the analytical framework to study thefollowing two typical cases:legislative processes of Labor Contract Law and Foreign Investment Law lobbied by American Chambers of Commerce(AmCham China and AmCham Shanghai)and European Chamber of Commerce in China,respectively.In this regard,the author analyzes types,characteristics and results of venue shopping conducted by the foreign chambers of commerce based on the different political potential energy in those legislative processes,and simultaneously summarizes the possible impacton the state-society relations of host country.