手枪弹钝性冲击下人体躯干的力学响应

On the mechanical-kinematic response of human torso under the blunt ballistic impact of the pistol cartridge

为了研究防弹衣后钝性伤的产生机制和人体躯干的力学响应,建立了由皮肤、肌肉、横膈膜、内脏器官和骨骼组成的人体躯干模型。基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元分析软件,模拟初速度为515 m/s的手枪弹对带复合防弹结构的人体躯干的钝性损伤过程,并验证防弹衣后钝性伤模型的有效性。结果表明,复合防弹结构能抵抗手枪弹的射击而不被击穿,但手枪弹能量仍通过复合防弹结构传递给人体躯干,从而造成人体组织器官的损伤,并且组织器官与弹着点之间的距离决定了组织器官的力学响应参数。皮肤凹陷深度为4. 98 mm,胸壁最大向内运动速度为6. 42 m/s,基于《警用防弹衣》标准和Axelsson损伤模型得到人体躯干的损伤分别为无伤和轻伤-中伤,则现有防弹衣性能评价标准无法准确评估防弹衣的防护性能。

To study the mechanism of the behind armor blunt trauma and the mechanical response of human torso,the paper has established a human torso finite element model consisting of the skin,muscle,diaphragm,internal organs and skeletons as well as a bullet-proof composite structure composed of AlSi10 Mg alloy and the thermoplastic polyurethanes. To clarify the blunt ballistic process of the pistol cartridge with the initial velocity of 515 m/s on the human torso with the bulletproof composite structure,we would like to simulate the said process by using a software known as ANSYS/LS-DYNA,and then to verify the availability of the behind-armor blunt trauma model referring to the data through searching into proper literature resources. Our numerical simulation results show that the bullet-proof composite structure tends to resist the shooting action of the pistol cartridge to avoid being hurt,so as to absorb the energy of 208. 00 J.Meanwhile,the maximum depression depth of the skin is 4. 98 mm,which is less than 25 mm specified by GA 141—2010"police ballistic resistance of the body armor",so the bullet-proof composite structure can effectively reduce the lethality of the pistol cartridge and protect human torso from being hurt. Nevertheless,the energy of the pistol cartridge (37. 02 J) can be transmitted to the human torso through the bulletproof composite structure so as likely to cause the human organs to get hurt by the behind armor. As to the hurt or injury to the various human organs,they should be dependent of the distance between the human organs and the shooting points. The injury or hurt with the human organs would be most serious if they are closer to the shooting points,otherwise,they should be slighter. Since the maximum inward velocity of the chest wall is 6. 42 m/s,whether the injury extent of human torso is slight to serious should be dependent on the Axelsson injury model. Thus,the evaluation conclusions can only be obtained with the help of the GA 141—2010"police ballistic resistance of the body armor"and the Axelsson injury model. Hence,it would be difficult to provide with accurate measures to protect the body armors merely by the current evaluation criteria.