广西北部湾海洋环境与生物体内重金属研究进展

Research Progress of Heavy Metals in Marine Environment and Organisms of Beibu Gulf in Guangxi

为全面了解广西北部湾重金属污染状况,搜集了近年来有关广西北部湾海水、沉积物及生物体内7种重金属的相关研究成果,比较分析了海水、沉积物中重金属的污染水平及空间分布,探讨了生物体内重金属的污染水平和富集、积累情况,并对海水、沉积物及生物体内7种重金属进行了污染评价,结果表明:①海水中Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、As含量均符合第一类海水水质标准,与中国其他海域相比各重金属总体处于较高水平,且除Hg外均满足渔业水质标准;②沉积物中各重金属与中国其他海域相比总体处于较低水平,均满足一类海洋沉积物质量标准,Hakanson潜在生态风险评价结果显示,Zn、Cr、Pb、Cu、As、Hg均呈低生态风险,重金属的潜在生态风险顺序Cd>Hg>As>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cr,多种重金属的综合潜在生态风险指数在防城港、钦州、北海海域均小于150,呈低生态风险;③生物体内重金属基本满足海洋生物质量二类标准,Cd、Cu、Pb均出现大于国家食品卫生标准;④不同生物体对重金属的生物积累作用不同,对重金属的富集能力也不同。广西北部湾海洋环境及生物体已受到一定程度重金属污染,应及时采取防治策略,避免先污染后治理。

In order to understand the situation of heavy metal pollution of Beibu Gulf in Guangxi,this paper collects the relevant research results of seven heavy metals in seawater,sediments and organisms of Beibu Gulf in Guangxi in recent years,compares and analyzes the pollution level and spatial distribution of heavy metals in seawater and sediments,discusses the pollution level,enrichment and accumulation of heavy metals in organisms,and finally assesses the pollution of seven heavy metals in seawater,sediments and organisms.The results show that:①In seawater,the concentrations of Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr and As are up to the Class Ⅰ marine water quality standards.And compared with other sea areas in our country,the heavy metals are overall at high levels,which all meet water quality standards for fisheries except Hg;②Compared with other sea areas in our country,the heavy metals in sediments are generally at low levels,which are all up to the Class Ⅰ marine sediment quality standards.And according to Hakanson’s potential ecological risk assessment results,Zn、Cr、Pb、Cu、As and Hg all belong to low ecological risked types,the order of the potential ecological risk indexes of heavy metals is:Cd>Hg>As>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cr,and the comprehensive potential ecological risk indexes of the heavy metals are all less than 150 in the sea areas of Qinzhou,Beihai and Fangchenggang,which present low ecological risk;③The heavy metals in organisms meet the Class Ⅱ standard of marine biological quality basically,however,the concentrations of Cd,Cu and Pb are more than national food and health standard;④The bioaccumulation and accumulation ability of heavy metals is different in different organisms.The marine environment and organisms have been polluted by heavy metals to a certain extent.At present,we should adopt the strategy of combining prevention and treatment in time,and avoid pollution before treatment.