宋代御容供奉与玉清昭应宫、京师景灵宫的礼仪问题

The Ritual of the Portraits of Emperors Worship in Yuqingzhaoying Palace and Jingling Palace in Song Dynasty

宋朝御容供奉自太祖开始,与佛道关系极为密切,实为追荐祈福。到真宗大中祥符三年(1010)祭奠御容采用国家礼仪形式,列入国家礼典,但它与原庙性质不同。神宗元丰五年(1082)按照原庙之制,将景灵宫扩建成十一殿,施行朝飨之礼,使景灵宫演变为原庙。宋代供奉过御容的宫观还有太清宫和玉清昭应宫。御容奉安仪式与朝谒仪式不同,奉安仪式采用较多佛道仪式,一般委派大臣主持;而朝谒则少量采用佛道仪式,大多是皇帝亲自祭奠。大中祥符九年(1016)仪制是最初的荐献仪制,相对简单,而徽宗政和时期仪制十分繁杂。宫观中供奉御容用素洁之馔,这与其他国家祭祀礼仪用馔不同。

The portraits of Emperors of Song Dynasty were enshrined from Tai Zu Period,which had close relationship with Buddhism and Taoism,and was actually to pray for blessings.The formal ritual of the portraits of Emperors worship was held in Zhen Zong Period,which was different from the ritual of Yuan Miao.establishing another temple outside the imperial temple.The Jingling Palace was enlarged to eleven temples in accordance to the Yuan Miao regulation to hold the Zhao Xiang ceremony so that it became Yuan Miao in essence.During the Song Dynasty,the portraits were enshrined both in Taiqing Palace and Yuqingzhaoying Palace besides the Jingling Palace.The ritual also differed from that of Morning Greeting,which employed more rituals of Buddhism by a minister than the emperor praying personally with less Buddhism etiquette.The nine-year ritual system of Dazhong Xiangfu was a relatively simple one,but the system of Huizong government and period was very complicated.It was different from other countries’ sacrificial rituals to offer simple dishes for the worship.