中美新工科教育典型人才培养模式研究——以欧林工学院和天津大学为例

Research on Typical Talents Cultivation Modes of Emerging Engineering Education in China and America ——Taking Olin College and Tianjin University as Examples

当前工程教育改革受到内外变革驱动力的推动。在传统工程教育中,技术对人的控制已经到了无以复加的地步,故回归"人"本身成为当前工程教育改革的内在驱动力;新工业革命与产业变革的加速演进以及多学科之间的交叉融合又成为工程教育发展变革的外在驱动力。这种内外在驱动力又促进了工程教育的范式转换,即内涵意义上国际实质等效的"新工科运动"的兴起。基于以上工程教育改革的内外在诉求,通过对比欧林工学院与天津大学新工科人才培养模式,分析了两所高校在新工科人才培养理念、模块化课程设置、项目式教学方法以及过程性评价机制等方面的特色,提出了兼顾家国情怀与个体发展、促进学科之间交叉与融合、构建多元主体的过程性评价机制等推动新工科教育再深化的关键路径选择。

The current reform of engineering education is driven by the internal and external driving forces.In the traditional engineering education,the control of technology on human has reached an unparalleled level,which makes the return to "human" itself become the internal driving forces of engineering education reform;the accelerated evolution of the new industrial revolution and the integration of multi-disciplines have become the external driving force of engineering education reform.This kind of internal and external driving force promotes the paradigm shift of engineering education,that is,the rise of "New engineering movement" which is essentially equivalent in international connotation.Based on the above internal and external driving forces of engineering education reform,this paper compared the cultivation modes of Tianjin University and Olin College;analyzed their features of talents cultivation philosophy,modular curriculum,project-based teaching methods and process evaluation mechanism;finally put forward some significant paths to deepen the emerging engineering education,such as giving consideration to individual and social development,promoting interdisciplinary integration and building a process evaluation mechanism with multiple subjects.