0~3岁藏族儿童生长发育状况及影响因素调查分析

Investigation analysis of growth and development status and influencing factors of 0-3 year-old Tibetan children

目的探讨并分析0~3岁藏族儿童生长发育状况及影响因素。方法选取2018年1~12月在林芝地区抽样检查的140名0~3岁幼儿作为本研究对象,对所有幼儿低体重、生长发育迟缓的发生情况及影响因素进行调查并分析。结果140名幼儿中共有11名出现低体重,占7.9%,16名出现生长迟缓,占11.4%,其中19~24月龄幼儿低体重及生长迟缓的发生率均低于其他月龄幼儿(χ^2=4.013,P<0.05);家庭年收入较低、出现低出生体重、近期患病以及糌粑喂养的幼儿其低体重及生长发育迟缓的发生率均高于家庭年收入较高、未出现低出生体重及近期患病以及未进行糌粑喂养的幼儿(P<0.05);幼儿低体重与其家庭年收入、低出生体重、近期患病与糌粑喂养均具有相关性,而幼儿生长迟缓则仅与低出生体重及糌粑喂养具有相关性(P<0.05)。结论0~3岁的藏族儿童存在低体重及生长迟缓等情况,并与幼儿家庭年收入、出生低体重以及幼儿近期患病等因素有关,通过对幼儿可能出现的高危因素进行分析,进而添加母乳强化剂进行有效的干预,并达到促进幼儿生长发育的目的。

Objective To explore and analyze the growth and development status and influencing factors of 0-3 year old Tibetan children.Methods A total of 140 children aged 0-3 years old who were sampled in Nyingchi area from January to December 2018 were selected as the subjects of this study.The occurrence and influencing factors of low weight and growth retardation of all young children were investigated and analyzed.Results A total of 11 out of 140 children had low body weight,accounting for 7.9%,and 16 had growth retardation,accounting for 11.4%.Among them,the incidence of low body weight and growth retardation in 19-24 month old children was lower than that of other month old children(χ^2=4.013,P<0.05).The incidence of low birth weight and growth retardation of children with low annual family income,low birth weight,recent illnesses,and Zaba feeding was higher than that of infants with high annual family income and without low birth weight,recent illnesses or Zaba feeding(P<0.05).Low weight in young children was related to their annual family income,low birth weight,recent illness and Zaba feeding,while infant growth retardation was only correlated with low birth weight and Zaba feeding(P<0.05).Conclusion Tibetan children aged 0-3 years old have low weight and growth retardation,which are related to factors such as the family income of young children,low birth weight and the recent illness of young children.The breast milk fortifier is added for effective intervention by analyzing the possible high-risk factors of young children,to achieve the purpose of promoting the growth and development of young children.