《民法典》中民事法律行为的成立、生效与有效

Establishment,Validity and Effectiveness of Civil Juristic Act of The Civil Code

一般情况下,民事法律行为成立即生效,生效即有效。但是,民事法律行为的成立取决于主体之意思表示的成立与生效,是一种纯粹的事实判断;生效是指已成立的民事法律行为所具有的、对行为主体或者当事人的约束力,是一种事实判断和法律认可及真实性认定,但不等于法律肯定性保护;有效则是指法律对已经成立并且生效的民事法律行为的一种肯定性评价,不仅认可,还是一种支持和保护,它是纯粹的价值判断和合法性认定。与成立相对的是不成立;与生效相对的是不生效、待生效、失效;与有效相对的是无效、可撤销。

In general,the civil juristic act becomes effective immediately after its establishment,and the effect is equal to the validity.But the establishment of civil juristic act depends on the establishment and effectiveness of the declaration of intention of the subject,which is a pure fact judgment.Effectiveness refers to the binding force of the established civil juristic act on the subject or the parties.It is a factual judgment,legal recognition and authenticity identification,but it is not equal to legal affirmative protection.Validity refers to a positive evaluation of the established and effective civil legal acts.It is not only recognition,but also a kind of support and protection.It is pure value judgment and legitimacy identification.The opposite of the establishment is non-establishment;opposite to effectiveness is non-effectiveness,waiting to take effect and opposite to validity is invalid and revocable.