二十七份葡萄种质根系对铝胁迫的生理响应及耐铝基因型筛选

Physiological Response of Root System of 27 Grape Germplasms to Aluminum Stress and Screening of Aluminum Tolerant Genetypes

以27份一年生葡萄种质为试材,采用无土栽培的方法,研究了铝胁迫对其根系活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性等的影响及综合评价各种质的耐铝性,以期探明27份葡萄种质在铝胁迫下生理指标的差异,筛选出耐铝性较强的基因型。结果表明:铝胁迫下,供试葡萄种质的根系活力和SOD活性普遍下降,而MDA、H2O2、脯氨酸、蛋白质、可溶性糖、淀粉和Al的含量普遍上升,但不同种质间差异较大。根系活力下降幅度最大的"左优红"与最小的"红比勒特"相差63.12%,SOD下降幅度最大的"超级无核"与略有上升的小叶葡萄相差48.42%;MDA上升幅度最大的"通化-3"与略有下降的"白牛奶"相差67.05%,H2O2上升幅度最大的"玫瑰蜜"与略有下降的"红地球"相差91.47%,脯氨酸上升幅度最大的"通化-3"与略有下降的"红比勒特"相差4.75倍,蛋白质上升幅度最大的"黑加仑"与最小的"赤霞珠"相差11.73倍,可溶性糖上升幅度最大的毛葡萄与最小的"黑提"相差2.36倍,淀粉上升幅度最大的"黑加仑"与略有下降的"北醇"相差1.10倍,Al积累量最多的毛葡萄与积累量最少的"黑玫瑰"相差21.02倍。通过对27份葡萄种质的综合耐铝毒系数进行隶属函数法综合分析,得出耐铝性较强的种质有原产我国南方的小叶葡萄和欧亚种群中的"黑加仑""红地球""黑提",耐铝性较弱的种质有东亚种群中的"高山-2""通化-3"、毛葡萄和美洲种内杂种"SO4"。总体上在这27份葡萄种质中,欧亚种群的耐铝性普遍强于美洲种群和除小叶葡萄外的东亚种群,其它各种群间的杂交种居中。

Using 27 grape germplasms with one year old as test material,soilless cultivation method was used,the effects of aluminum stress on root activity,malondialdehyde(MDA)content and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity were studied.In order to find out the difference of physiological indexes of27 grape germplasms under aluminum stress,the genotypes with strong aluminum tolerance were selected.The results showed that under the stress of aluminum,the root activity and SOD activity of the tested grape germplasm were generally decreased,while the contents of MDA,H2 O2,proline,protein,soluble sugar,starch and Al were generally increased.But there were great differences among different germplasms.There was a 63.12%difference between‘Zuoyouhong’with the largest decrease in root activity and‘Hongbilete’with the smallest;there was a 48.42%difference between‘Chaojiwuhe’with the largest decrease in SOD and Vitis sinocinerea with slightly ascending.There was a 67.05%difference between‘Tonghua-3’with the largest increase in MDA and‘Bainiunai’with slightly declining;there was a 91.47%difference between‘Meiguimi’with the largest increase in H2 O2 and‘Red Globe’with slightly declining;there was a 4.75 times difference between‘Tonghua-3’with the largest increase in proline and‘Hongbilete’with slightly declining;there was a 11.73 times difference between‘Blackcurrant’with the largest increase in protein and‘Cabernet Sauvignon’with the smallest;there was a 2.36 times difference between V.quinquangularis with the largest increase in soluble sugar and‘Heiti’with the smallest;there was a 1.10 times difference between‘Blackcurrant’with the largest increase in starch and‘Beichun’with a slight decrease.There was a 21.02 times difference between V.quinquangularis the largest accumulation in Al and‘Heimeigui’with the smallest accumulation.Through the comprehensive analysis of aluminum resistance coefficient of27 grape germplasms by membership function method,it was concluded that the germplasm with strong aluminum resistance were V.sinocinerea from south China,and‘Blackcurrant’‘Red Globe’‘Heiti’from Eurasian grape population,the germplasm with weak aluminum resistance were‘Gaoshan-2’‘Tonghua-3’,V.quinquangularis and‘SO4’from American interspecific hybrid.In general,among the 27 grape germplasms,the aluminum tolerance of Eurasian population was generally stronger than that of American population and east Asian population except V.sinocinerea,and the hybrids of other interpopulation hybrids were in the middle.