丹参中活性成分在心血管疾病中的研究进展

Advances in the mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza against cardiovascular disease

丹参是多年生直立草本植物,又名赤参、紫丹参,性微寒、味苦,以根入药,有祛瘀、生新、活血、调经等效用,为妇科要药,主治子宫出血、月经不调、血瘀、腹痛、经痛、经闭等.对治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病有良好效果,在中医临床上具有悠久的应用历史和丰富的应用经验.现代药理学研究表明,丹参中提取的生物活性成分主要有脂溶性丹参酮类(常用的为丹参酮 ⅡA)和水溶性酚类(丹参多酚酸盐).体内外研究表明丹参酮ⅡA和丹参多酚酸盐具有抗氧化、抗炎、保护内皮细胞和心肌细胞、抗凝、舒张血管、抗动脉粥样硬化的药理作用,还能显著减少血管平滑肌细胞的增殖和迁移,可广泛用于心血管疾病的治疗和预防.此外,临床研究表明,丹参与一些西药联合应用对心绞痛、心肌梗死、高血压病、高脂血症和肺心病等心血管疾病包括均有较好的疗效.本文综述了丹参中的活性成分治疗或预防心血管疾病的主要机制.

Salvia miltiorrhiza is a perennial upright herb,it is also known as red ginseng,purple salvia miltiorrhiza is slightly cold,bitter in taste,it is a root medicine and can remove blood stasis in addition to promoting blood circulation,regulating menstruation and other effects.It is an ideal gynecological medicine in treating uterine bleeding,irregular menstruation,blood stasis,abdominal pain,dysmenorrhea,and amenorrhea and so on.It has a good effect on the treatment of coronary heart disease.Modern pharmacological studies show that the main bioactive components extracted from salvia miltiorrhiza are fat-soluble tanshinones(commonly known as tanshinone IIA)and water-soluble phenols(Salvia miltiorrhiza polyphenolates).In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that tanshinone IIA and Salvianolate have antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,protection of endothelial cells and cardiac cells,anticoagulation,vascular relaxation,anti-atherosclerosis pharmacological effects,and can significantly reduce the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells,which can be widely used in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.In addition,clinical studies have shown that salvia miltiorrhiza combined with some western medicines has a good effect on cardiovascular diseases including angina pectoris,myocardial infarction,hypertension,hyperlipidemia and pulmonary heart disease.In this paper,the main mechanisms of active ingredients in salvia miltiorrhiza for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases are reviewed.