格曼语中“致使”意义的句法实现

The Syntactic Realization of the Causative Meaning in Geman

格曼语致使意义的表达是在句法层面实现的,而实现致使义的句法结构可分为三个层级。第一层级是一些常用于表达致使意义的基本结构,如动补结构、兼语结构等。第二层级是在第一层级结构的基础上添加施动或受动标记而构成的复杂结构,旨在强化对致使义的表达。第三层级则是在第二层级基础上形成的专用于表达致使意义的双空动词结构,其中最典型的就是删除"V+■CAUSE+V补语+ɡɑ35"中的动词V而得到的"■V+■CAUSE+V补语+ɡɑ35"结构。对格曼语中致使意义的三级句法实现机制的探讨,有助于深化学界对汉藏语致使意义句法表达机制的认识。

The expression of causative meaning in Geman language is realized at the syntactic level, and the syntactic structure of causative meaning can be divided into three levels. The first level is the basic structure to express the causative meaning, such as the second predicate structure and so-called "jianyu"structure. The second is a complex structure formed on the basis of the basic structure by adding an active marker or a passive marker, which aims to strengthen the expression of the meaning of causation. The third is a structure with the double null verbs formed on the basis of the agentive or affected structure dedicated to the expression of causative meaning. The most typical one is to delete the verb in "V+■CAUSE +Vsecond predicate+ɡɑ35"than it can realize the "■V+■CAUSE+Vsecond predicate+ɡɑ35"structure. The exploration of the mode about the three-level realization of the causative meaning in Geman helps to further deepen the study of expression mechanism on the causative meaning in Sino-Tibetan languages.