新冠疫情背景下“钻石公主”号救助义务的国际法分析

A Study of International Law on the Rescue Obligation of Diamond Princess under the Background of the Outbreak of CoVID-19

当前“新冠肺炎”疫情蔓延,引起了国际社会对邮轮救援义务的讨论。从国际海洋法和国际卫生法的角度分析,由于“钻石公主”号的船旗国为英国,对该邮轮享有排他性的主权,应当对本次事件的救援负最主要的责任。日本作为港口国,仅以该邮轮的疫情对本国的影响负有限度的管辖义务。从国际人权法和国际海上人命救援相关制度分析,日、英均应当承担相应的救援义务。面对两国对于救援义务的交叉,应当秉承“生命至上”的精神,建立国际合作的救援机制对邮轮进行有效援助。

The current epidemic of"CoVID-19"has caused discussions on the international community's obligations for cruise rescue.From the perspective of international law of the sea and international health law,since the flag state of the"Princess Diamond"is Britain's exclusive sovereignty over the cruise ship,it should bear the most responsibility for the rescue of this incident.As a port state,Japan has limited jurisdiction over the impact of the cruise on its own country.Based on the analysis of international human rights law and international maritime life rescue related systems,both Japan and the United Kingdom should assume corresponding rescue obligations.Facing the overlap between the two countries'rescue obligations,they should uphold the spirit of"life first"and establish a rescue mechanism for international cooperation.Effective assistance to cruise ships.