基于安全“金字塔”理论的油船过驳作业风险分析

Risk Analysis of Tanker Transshipment Based on Safety Pyramid Theory

船对船式原油过驳面临着船舶溢油危险和火灾爆炸危险。尽管至今还未发生过因过驳作业造成的巨大事故,但是由于油船的特殊性,一旦发生将造成不可估量的生命、财产损失和严重的海洋污染。本文对过驳的条件和过程进行研究,分析得出了影响过驳安全的五项影响因素(下文统一简称“影响因素”),包括环境、人员、船舶、设备、管理。采用调查问卷的形式,对五项影响因素及22项风险因子进行了调查,采用“金字塔”法的结构对调查结果进行了重要性排序。最后针对五项影响因素中的主要风险因子提出了具体的安全保障措施。

The transshipment of ship-type crude oil is faced with the danger of oil spill,fire and explosion.Although there has been no huge accident caused by transshipment operation up to now,due to the particularity of oil tanker,once it happens,it will cause incalculable loss of life,property and serious Marine pollution.This paper studies the conditions and process of transshipment and analyzes five influencing factors(hereinafter uniformly referred to as"influencing factors")that affect the safety of transshipment,including environment,personnel,ship,equipment and management.And use the form of questionnaire,the five factors influencing and 22 risk factors were investigated,and the structure of"pyramid"method is used to the survey results are the importance,finally based on the five factors influencing the main risk factors in the specific security measures are put forward,to raise awareness of the crew,craft,reduce the pollution of the Marine environment and safety casualties and property losses has a certain guiding role.