美国儿童发展实验室沿革研究与启示

Evolution of American Child Development Laboratory and Its Enlightenment

基于大学的儿童发展实验室在美国有着漫长的历史,自设立以来,美国的儿童发展实验室在幼儿教师教育、儿童研究、提供高质量的托儿服务等方面发挥着重要的作用。然而,儿童发展实验室在美国的发展并不是一帆风顺的,受到诸多因素的影响,其生存曾面临着巨大的威胁。在此背景下,许多儿童发展实验室倒闭,也有许多实验室通过变革从而获得新生。因此,文章将立足于美国儿童发展实验室的历史,把握其在不同历史阶段的使命与功能,分析其所面临的问题及其原因,并提取出成功变革的关键因素,以期为我国学前教育专业实验室的建设与管理提供经验与启示。

The university-based child development laboratory has a long history in the United States.Since its establishment,the child development laboratory has played an important role in preschool teacher education,research on children,and the provision of high-quality childcare services.However,the development of child development laboratory in the United States has not been smooth sailing.Influenced by many factors,the survival of child development laboratories once faced great threats.In this context,many child development laboratories closed down,while many gained new life through changes.Therefore,based on the history of American child development laboratory,this paper will grasp its missions and functions in different historical stages,analyze its challenges and reasons,and propose key factors of successful transformation,in order to provide experience and inspiration for the construction and management of preschool education professional laboratories in China.