“游”与魏晋文人园林的旨趣

Tour and Purports of Garden to Literati in Wei and Jin Dynasties

魏晋文人为了在政治的高压下获得个人的生存空间,寻找自由心灵的居所就成为士人化解政治高压,抒发个人心性的必由之路。园林,满足了魏晋士人的多种需求。园林作为魏晋文人体玄悟道之所,就成为人与道之间的一个过渡和桥梁。人在园林之中则感悟天道自然之理,而园林正是人秉承天道所创而成。园林满足了魏晋文人的需要,他们既可以在其中游目四顾、感悟天道,也可以诗酒作乐,闲居安身。在园林中,他们实现了仕与隐、游与居、自得与超越的三种平衡,园林成为魏晋文人解决现实生存危机和达成内心圆满的艺术手段。

In order to obtain personal living space under the pressure of politics,the literati in Wei and Jin dynasties sought the residence of free souls,which became the only way for them to resolve political pressure and express their personal nature.The gardens met the various needs of the literati in Wei and Jin dynasties.The gardens became the place of human metaphysics and enlightenment for the literati in Wei and Jin dynasties,as well as a transition and bridge between man and Tao.People in the garden realized the nature of heaven and nature,and gardens were created by people adhering to heaven.The garden met the needs of the literati in Wei and Jin dynasties.They could either look around and perceive Tao,or they could enjoy life with poetry and wine.In the garden,they realized the three balances of official and hidden,tour and living,self-sufficiency and transcendence,and the garden became the artistic means for the literati Wei and Jin to solve the real survival crisis and achieve inner consummation.