复员与复原:抗战胜利后全国教育善后复员会议与内地高等教育建设

Demobilization or Restoration:National Conference on Educational Demobilization and the Construction of Higher Education in the Inland of China

抗日战争导致的大学内迁破坏了国民政府时期高等教育发展的正常秩序,改变了国民政府时期高等教育分布的既有格局。抗战胜利后的教育复员,一方面致力于高等教育秩序的恢复,另一方面进行了高等教育格局的重塑,由此引发了"复员"与"复原"的争议。全国教育善后复员会议的召开,从教育机关的去留、师资队伍的待遇、教学设备的利用等方面进行讨论,体现了返回故地与扎根内地之间的张力、大学传统与国家需要之间的矛盾。经过一番博弈,旧有格局未能彻底改观,新的萌芽初步得到扶持,进而凸显了以行政力量推动我国高等教育均衡发展的社会形态。

The internal migration of universities caused by the Anti-Japanese war has destroyed the order of the development of China’s higher education and changed the existing distribution pattern of China’s higher education.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War,the educational demobilization was committed to the restoration of higher education order.In addition,it reshaped the pattern of higher education.The convening of the National Conference on Demobilization of Education reflected the tension between returning home and taking root in the inland,the contradiction between university tradition and the needs of the state.After some debates,the old pattern has not been completely changed,and the new sprouts have been initially supported,thus showing the development pattern of China’s higher education which promotes the regional distribution balance with the state administrative power.