农村幼儿园转岗教师政策的执行困境与突围

Examining the Implementation Dilemmas of Policy for Rural Nursery Transferred Teachers

农村幼儿园转岗教师是我国幼儿教师队伍建设中的一大短板。运用史密斯政策执行模型,对农村幼儿园转岗教师政策的执行困境进行实证研究,发现:教育实践中存在教师转岗培训效果不佳、农村幼儿园师资整体质量下滑、转岗教师职业适应困难、农村幼儿园"小学化"倾向加剧等问题。造成政策执行困境的原因包括:政策本身的模糊性和不合理性,执行机构组织建设滞后与执行效能低下,"压力型体制"导致的执行偏差,农村幼儿园教育环境中存在"邻里效应"。对此,采取以下措施破解政策执行困境:增强政策目标的明确性和合理性,加强执行机构组织建设以提高执行效能,修正目标群体对转岗政策的认识和态度,优化农村幼儿园教育环境。

Transferred teachers in rural nursery is a disadvantaged group in the Chinese educational system.Adopting Smith’s "policy implementation process" model,this study examines the implementation dilemmas of the policy for transferred teachers in rural nursery.The findings reveal that:the professional development trainings for these teachers are working less well;the overall quality of teachers in rural nursery is declining;the transferred teachers are facing difficulties in their adaptations to the new position;the tendency of "nursery towards primary school" is hard to be terminated.The roots of the policy implementation dilemma include:the vague and unreasonable policy aim;the inefficiency of implementation organizations;the implementation deviations under institutional pressures;the neighborhood effects in rural educational settings.Based on the empirical findings,the paper suggests the following solutions:improving the clarity and rationality of the policy aim;reframing the organizational structure to improve executive efficiency;facilitating the target group’s understanding of the policy;refining the educational environment of rural nursery.