自贡地区不同土壤调理剂在番茄上的应用初探

Application of Different Soil Conditioners on Tomato in Zigong Area

为获得最优配比,解决当前连作障碍严重、土地质量下降等问题,为自贡地区设施蔬菜的可持续发展提供重要的理论依据,研究不同土壤调理剂及配比对旱地连作和水旱轮作设施番茄生长发育、产量等的影响。试验结果表明,过量复合肥对提高产量无明显效应;水旱轮作番茄各方面均优于旱地连作番茄:前者比后者现蕾期、结果期早4~6 d,株高平均高19.8 cm、节间长平均长0.6 cm、茎粗平均粗0.2 cm、叶面积平均大190.2 m^2,折合667 m^2产量平均高3995.6 kg;水旱轮作对克服连作障碍、减轻土传病害有明显作用:水旱轮作无青枯病,旱地连作青枯病发病率后期达90%;旱地连作番茄与水旱轮作番茄各处理间无明显差异,设施栽培条件下不同土壤调理剂及配比未表现出最优配比,因此,为充分发挥土壤调理剂作用,找出土壤调理剂最优配比,需持续试验,进一步研究探讨。

To obtain the optimal ratio,solve the problems of continuous cultivation and soil quality decline,providing a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of vegetables in Zigong area,the effects of different soil conditioners and ratios on tomato growth and production under dryland continuous cropping and paddy-up-land rotation were explored in this experiment.The results showed that excessive compound fertilizer had no obvious effect on increasing yield.The tomato under paddy-up-land rotation performed better than that under dryland continuous cropping,including 4-6 days earlier in budding period and fruiting period,19.8 cm higher on average plant height,0.6 cm longer on average internodes length,0.2 cm thicker on average stem diameter,190.2 m^2 larger at average leaf area,and 3995.6 kg/667 m^2 more on yield.The paddy-up-land rotation had apparent effects on overcoming continuous cultivation and reducing soil-borne diseases.The incidence rate of bacterial wilt of tomato under dryland continuous cropping was 90%at late growth period,but bacterial wilt did not occur on tomato under paddy-up-land rotation.There was no significant difference among tomatoes of various treatmentsbetween dryland continuous cropping and paddy-up-land rotation.Different soil conditioners and ratios did not show theoptimal ratios in facility cultivation.Therefore,in order to give full play to the role of soil conditioner and find out the optimal soil conditioner and ratio,continuous experiments and further research are needed.