无权处分再辨

Reconsideration on the Unauthorized Disposition

我国《民法典》第597条第1款规定买卖合同的效力不因欠缺处分权而受影响,弊多利少,有必要限缩其适用范围。买卖禁止流通物甚至限制流通物等案型均不应适用该条款的规定。无权代理不由该条款调整,但无权代理伴有无权处分时,后者自然由其管辖。不登记物权借助于隐名代理的方式流转时有时属于无权处分的案型。在代持人擅自转让或出质其代持股权时,应被定性和定位在无权处分。借名登记的场合,登记名义人擅自处分其名下但本属借名人的不动产物权或动产的,构成无权处分。至于冒名登记,登记名义人毫无合法、正当的登记基础,处分冒名登记于其名下的不动产或动产,当属无权处分。在无权处分的场合,受让人是否取得标的物的物权,依据善意取得制度而定。

Article 597(1)of the Chinese Civil Code stipulates that the validity of the sales contract shall not be affected by the lack of disposing right.It is necessary to limit the scope of its application.The provision should not be applied to such types of cases as the sale of prohibited or even restricted circulating goods.The unauthorized agency is not regulated by this clause,but if the unauthorized agency also constitutes the unauthorized disposition,Article 597(1)can be naturally applied.When the real right without registration is transferred by means of anonymous agent,it sometimes belongs to unauthorized disposition.In case of transferring or pledging the shares held on behalf of the holder without authorization,it shall belong to the above-mentioned unauthorized disposition.In the case of registration under a borrowed name,the registered nominal person disposes of the real estate or chattel in his name without authorization,and if the property originally belongs to the borrower,it constitutes no right to dispose.As for the case of registration in a false name,since the registered nominees have no legal and legitimate basis for registration,the disposal of the real estate or movable property registered in his confused name certainly constitutes unauthorized disposal.In the case of unauthorized disposition,whether the transferee obtains the real right of the subject matter shall be determined according to the system of acquisition in good faith.