新型冠状病毒肺炎社区防控人员的结构、知识、态度和工作特征研究

Structure,COVID-19-related Knowledge,Attitudes and Work Characteristics of the Community COVID-19 Containment Team

背景新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)是一种防控难度极大的新发传染病,社区防控是遏制疫情扩散的重要途径。社区防控人员承担出入登记、环境治理和防疫知识宣传等任务,是防控队伍的主体。但目前对社区防控人员新冠肺炎知识的掌握及工作内容的研究仍不明确。基于此,本研究就社区防控人员的结构、知识、态度和工作特征开展调查,为健全社区常态化疫情防控机制提供信息参考。目的了解新冠肺炎社区防控人员的结构、知识、态度和工作特征,为优化社区防疫人力资源配置和培训普及新冠肺炎防控知识提供科学依据。方法采用自行设计的问卷,于2020-03-12至2020-03-21在深圳市宝安区5个街道进行便利抽样问卷调查,问卷内容包括社区防控工作人员基本情况和工作特征、新冠肺炎相关认知情况和新冠肺炎态度情况。结果共发放调查问卷756份,回收有效问卷753份,问卷有效回收率为99.6%。753例社区防控人员中,男552例(73.3%),女201例(26.7%);年龄18~35岁占比最多〔61.1%(460/753)〕,文化程度高中或中专占比最多〔31.2%(235/753)〕。新冠肺炎防控知识知晓率排在前3位的是患者出院后继续自我健康状况监测天数〔73.3%(552/753)〕、潜伏期〔44.6%(336/753)〕和解除隔离的标准〔39.0%(294/753)〕。男性社区防控人员主要症状知晓率高于女性,传染病类别、灭活新型冠状病毒消毒液种类、随访与复诊时间及患者健康状况监测天数知晓率低于女性(P<0.05);年龄越低,对传染病类别和潜伏期的知晓率越低,对主要症状的知晓率越高(P<0.05);除传播途径不随文化程度变化外,其余各条目知晓率均随文化程度升高而升高或降低(P<0.05);不同职业社区防控人员传染病类别和患者健康状况监测天数知晓率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);家庭人均年收入越高,对患者健康状况监测天数的知晓率越高(P<0.05);自评健康越差,对潜伏期的知晓率越低,对患者健康状况监测天数的知晓率越高(P<0.05)。防控人员对新冠态度得分为(46.07±5.77)分。社区防控人员平均工作(42.77±14.87)d,每日工作时长8~12 h的人数最多〔51.5%(388/753)〕。498例(66.1%)参与社区“三位一体”排查,240例(31.9%)参与3项及以上防控工作。结论当前社区防控人员结构不合理,新冠肺炎防控知晓率较低,对新冠肺炎的影响呈消极态度。人口学特征对新冠肺炎各项知识知晓率的影响不尽相同。防控工作呈现长期性、艰巨性、复杂性的特征。应立足社区防控工作常态化特点,优化人员配置,调整工作内容,加强防控知识培训。

Background COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease that is extremely difficult to prevent and control.Community prevention and control is an important way to curb the spread of the pandemic.The community workers for containing COVID-19 are the main body of COVID-19 prevention and control force,undertaking tasks such as registering the brief health-related information of persons entering and leaving the community,governing the community environment,and publicizing knowledge pertaining to COVID-19 prevention.However,their COVID-19-related knowledge level and specific work tasks are not clear.We performed a survey concerning their structure,COVID-19-related knowledge,attitudes,and work characteristics,providing information for improving the mechanism of community-based regular epidemic prevention and control.Objective To investigate the structure,COVID-19-related knowledge,attitudes,and work characteristics of the community COVID-19 containment team,to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the allocation of human resources for community COVID-19 containment and for promoting the popularizing of COVID-19-related knowledge.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to conduct a survey with community workers for containing COVID-19 selected from five streets in Baoan District,Shenzhen from March 12 to 21,2020 by convenience sampling,for collecting their demographics,COVID-19-related knowledge and attitudes.Results Of the 756 workers,753(99.6%)who completed the questionnaire effectively were included for final analysis,including 552 men(73.3%)and 201 women(26.7%),with 18-35 age group〔61.1%(460/753)〕or those with high school or specialized school〔31.2%(235/753)〕attainment accounting for the largest percentage.Three aspects concerning COVID-19 containment obtained the highest awareness rates:required days for continuing to monitor self-health after discharge〔73.3%(552/753)〕,incubation period〔44.6%(336/753)〕,and criteria for releasing from quarantine〔39.0%(294/753)〕.Men had a higher awareness rate of main symptoms of COVID-19 but had lower awareness rates of the class of COVID-19 as an infectious disease,kinds of disinfectants for deactivating the SARS-CoV-2 virus,the followup period and revisit time as well as number of self-health monitoring days(P<0.05).Younger age was associated with lower awareness rates of the class of COVID-19 as an infectious disease,and incubation period of COVID-19,but higher awareness rate of COVID-19 main symptoms(P<0.05).Education level was associated with higher or lower awareness rates of the aspects concerning COVID-19 related information(P<0.05)except the awareness rate of transmission routes of COVID-19.Occupation was associated with significant differences in the awareness rates of the class of COVID-19 as an infectious disease and number of self-health monitoring days(P<0.05).Higher annual household income per capita was associated with higher awareness rate of number of self-health monitoring days(P<0.05).Poorer self-rated health was associated with lower awareness rate of incubation period of COVID-19 but higher awareness rate of number of self-health monitoring days(P<0.05).The average score for the attitudes toward COVID-19 was(46.07±5.77).The average number of working days for containing COVID was(42.77±14.87).Those worked for 8-12 hours per working day accounting for the largest percentage〔51.5%(388/753)〕.498(66.1%)participated in the community-based COVID-19 containment consisting of monitoring,screening and treatment.And 240(31.9%)played a role in undertaking at least 3 tasks.Conclusion The structure of these community teams for containing COVID-19 was not appropriate,with a low awareness rate of information about containing COVID-19,and negative attitudes towards the pandemic.Their demographics showed different associations with different aspects of COVID-19-related information.Moreover,the COVID-19 containment may be long-term,arduous and complicated.Against the backdrop of regular COVID-19 containment in the community,the allocation of the workers for pandemic containment should be optimized,their tasks should be adjusted appropriately,and COVID-19 containment trainings for them should be strengthened.