大数据、人工智能与厂商竞争路径

Big Data,Artificial Intelligence and Manufacturers'Competitive Path

经济学对市场竞争路径的学理性分析,主要集中在价格确定、产量确定、规模经济、产业组织等方面,而对科技进步引发市场竞争路径的变化并没有足够的关注。其实,市场竞争路径变化的底蕴是科技进步,只是经济学家在分析市场竞争路径时偏好于将科技因素作为外生变量处理。大数据和人工智能等的发展可谓是一场史无前例的科技革命,它对人类经济活动产生广泛而深刻的影响主要表现为:大数据及其运用怎样影响厂商投资经营,大数据与机器学习等人工智能手段相融合会在哪些方面改变厂商竞争路径,厂商如何提高数据智能化和实现网络协同化,在什么样的条件下会出现行业垄断,等等。文章的基本分析观点是:厂商竞争路径变化是贯穿于大数据、互联网和人工智能等相互融合过程的一种现象,这种现象对应于新科技进步和运用的不同层级;微观经济分析需要将新科技因素作为内生变量,通过分析大数据、机器学习与厂商竞争路径之间的关联,揭示厂商竞争路径变化机理以及由此引致的产业组织等问题。

The analysis and research of mainstream economics on the path of market competition mainly focus on price determination,output determination,scale economies,industrial organization,etc.,but pay inadequate attention to the changes in market competition paths caused by technological progress.In fact,the basis of the changes in the market competition path is technological progress,yet economists prefer to treat technological factors as exogenous variables when analyzing market competition paths.The current development of big data and artificial intelligence can be described as an unprecedented technological revolution,which has a wide and profound impact on human economic activities.These effects are mainly manifested in:how big data and its application affect the investment and management of manufacturers,in what ways the integration of big data and artificial intelligence methods such as machine learning will change the competitive path of manufacturers,how manufacturers can improve data intelligence and achieve network collaboration,and under what conditions industry monopolies will occur.The basic viewpoint of analysis in this article is that the change of the manufacturers’competitive path is a phenomenon that runs through the integration process of big data,the Internet and artificial intelligence.This phenomenon corresponds to the different levels of new technology progress and application.The microeconomic analysis needs to take new technology factors as endogenous variables,by analyzing the correlation between big data,machine learning and manufacturers’competitive paths,in order to reveal the mechanism of changes in manufacturers’competitive paths and the industrial organization issues caused by them.