巩固与修缮:民事公告送达司法适用的规范化建构

Consolidation and Repair: the Standardized Construction of the Judicial Application of Civil Announcement Service

民事公告送达作为民事送达程序的重要组成部分,关系到民事诉讼缺席审判活动的合法性与公正性。同时,民事公告送达作为"兜底性"送达方式,对依法保障案件当事人的诉讼权益意义重大。整体上,不论是学界还是实务界对民事公告送达议题的关注程度并不高,多将其视作形式意义上的"法定程序",而忽视了其应有的制度价值及功能。事实上,民事公告送达应当遵循的是"到达主义"而非"通知义务"的法律逻辑,如何最大限度地实现"通知到位"才是法律设置民事公告送达程序的意义所在。制度规范下的民事公告送达应在遵循其价值与功能的同时,厘清司法实务中的主要争议点,以实现民事公告送达司法适用的规范化建构目的。

As an important part of the civil service procedure, the service of civil notice is related to the legality and impartiality of the trial activities in absentia. At the same time, the service of civil announcement, as a means of "pocketproof" service, is of great significance to protect the litigants’ litigation rights and interests in accordance with the law.On the whole, both the academic and the practical circles pay little attention to the issue of service of civil notice. Most of them regard it as "legal procedure" in the formal sense, but neglect its due institutional value and function. In fact,civil service by announcement should follow the legal logic of "arrival doctrine" instead of "notification obligation".The service of civil announcement should follow its value and function, at the same time, clarify the main dispute points in judicial practice, so as to realize the standardization of judicial application of the service of civil announcement.