黑龙江省早熟区播期对不同熟期玉米品种生育进程及产量的影响

Effects of Sowing Date on Growth Process and Yield of Maize Varieties at Different Maturity Stages in Early Maturity Region of Heilongjiang Province

为充分发挥玉米产量潜力,以黑龙江省农业科学院克山分院自育玉米品种克玉17(活动积温1900℃)、克玉18(活动积温2090℃)和克玉19(活动积温2250℃)为试验材料,设置3个不同的播期(5月5、15、25日),研究玉米的生育进程变化趋势和玉米产量潜力。结果表明:在不同播期的条件下,3个不同熟期的品种生育进程表现出较大差异,随着播期的推后,早熟和中熟品种的生育期有所增加,活动积温有所增大,晚熟品种趋势基本相同,但是最后一个播期没有达到完熟。播期对早熟、中熟和晚熟品种的产量影响显著,整体趋势为播期Ⅰ的产量水平最高,播期Ⅲ的产量水平最低。产量整体表现是晚熟品种最好,早熟品种最低,但是晚熟品种需要早播,防止不能完熟。黑龙江省早熟区在5月5日前后播种建议播种克玉19同生育期的品种,在5月25日前后播种建议克玉18同生育期品种,如发生灾害在6月1日之后建议选择克玉17同生育期的救灾品种。

In order to give full play to the potential yield of maize,in this study,the self-breeding corn varieties Keyu 17(active accumulated temperature 1900℃),Keyu 18(active accumulated temperature 2090℃)and Keyu 19(active accumulated temperature 2250℃)of Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences were used as test materials.Three different sowing dates(May 5,15,25)were set up to study the development trend and yield potential of maize.The results showed that under the conditions of different sowing dates,the growth process of three varieties with different maturity periods show a large difference.With the postponement of the sowing date,the growth period of early and mid-mature varieties had increased,and the accumulated temperature of activity had increased,the trend of late-maturing varieties was basically the same,but the last sowing period did not reach full maturity.The sowing date had a significant effect on the yield of early,middle and late maturing varieties.The overall trend was that the sowing periodⅠhad the highest yield level and the sowing periodⅢhad the lowest yield level.The overall performance of the yield was that the yield of the late-maturing varieties was the best,and the yield of the early-maturing varieties was the lowest,but the late-maturing varieties need to be sowed early to prevent incomplete ripening.The early maturity area of Heilongjiang Province is planted around May 5th.It is recommended to plant varieties of Keyu 19 growth period,and around May 25th is recommended to plant varieties of Keyu 18 growth period.If a disaster occurs,it is recommended to choose Keyu 17 after June 1st.Disaster relief varieties during the growing period.