木霉菌对玉米灌浆期土壤酶活性和土壤养分及产量的影响

Effect of Trichoderma on Soil Enzyme Activity,Soil Nutrients and Yield During Maize Filling Stage

为加强木霉菌的选择和推广应用,以棘孢木霉菌和哈茨木霉菌为试验材料,通过大田试验,研究施用不同木霉菌后,木霉菌对土壤养分含量、土壤酶活性和玉米产量的影响。结果表明:木霉菌的施用能够提高玉米灌浆期土壤酶活性和土壤养分。其中,棘孢木霉菌的施用可以提高灌浆期土壤的碱性磷酸酶活性和蔗糖酶活性;哈茨木霉菌的施用对过氧化氢酶活性和脲酶活性影响较大;哈茨木霉菌的施用对碱解氮和全氮含量的影响高于棘孢木霉菌处理;棘孢木霉菌的施用对速效磷和速效钾的含量影响高于哈茨木霉菌处理。两种木霉菌处理间,玉米产量差异不显著,木霉菌处理与对照相比,均达到了显著水平,棘孢木霉菌处理的产量为9758.1667 kg·hm^-2,与对照相比,增加14.76%。哈茨木霉菌处理的产量为9152.5767 kg·hm^-2,与对照相比,增加7.64%。

In order to promote the selection and application of Trichoderma,using Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma harzianum as experimental materials,the effects of Trichoderma on soil nutrient content,soil enzyme activity and yield of maize were studied by field experiment.The results showed that,the application of Trichoderma could improve the soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient in the filling stage of maize.Among them,the application of Trichoderma asperellum could improve the activity of alkaline phosphatase and sucrase in the soil at the filling stage.The application of Trichoderma harzianum had great effect on the activity of catalase and urease.The effect of Trichoderma harzianum on the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and total nitrogen was higher than that of Trichoderma asperellum.The effect of application of Trichoderma asperellum on the content of available phosphorus and available potassium was higher than that of Trichoderma harzianum.Two species of Trichoderma,the difference of maize yield was not significant,comparison of Trichoderma treatments with control,had reached significant levels.The yield of Trichoderma asperellum was 9758.1667 kg·hm^-2,compared with the control,it increased by 14.76%.The yield of Trichoderma harzianum was 9152.5767 kg·hm^-2,compared with the control group,it increased by 7.64%.