有机肥等氮替代化肥对水稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响

Effects of Nitrogen in Organic Manure Replacing Chemical Nitrogenous Fertilizer on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rice

为明确建三江农场七星农场草甸白浆土有机肥等氮替代化肥氮的适宜比例,设置以单施化肥(M0)、有机肥等氮替代化肥的30%(M30)、50%(M50)、100%(M100)和不施氮肥(CK)为对照5个施肥处理,比较分析有机肥等氮替代化肥对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:随有机等氮部分替代化肥比例的增加,有机无机配施表现为不同生育期植株含氮量不断降低,常规化肥M0处理与M30处理间植株含氮量差异不显著,有机无机配施处理有效穗显著下降,穗粒数下降,而结实率和千粒重呈上升趋势,有机无机配施处理产量随之降低,与M0处理相比,M30处理产量提高7.87%,有机无机配施处理秸秆吸氮量、籽粒吸氮量和总吸氮量显著降低,有机无机配施处理氮肥吸收利用率和氮肥农学利用率显著降低,M30处理的氮肥吸收利用率比M0处理提高2.26%,氮肥农学利用率提高34.85%。因此,有机氮替代30%化肥氮提高了水稻产量,促进了水稻对氮素的吸收,提高氮素利用效率,30%为适宜的有机肥等氮替代化肥比例。

In order to the suitable of replacing partial chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer,field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different organic fertilizers on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency.Five treatments were set up of 30%(M30),50%(M50),100%(M100),ratio of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer,with control application of chemical fertilizer(M0)and no application of N fertilizer(CK).The results showed that with the increase of proportion of organic fertilizer,the nitrogen content decreased continuously during the growth stage of rice.The nitrogen content of plant M0 and M30 was not significant.Spikes number,grains perpanicle and yield of different ratio organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer significantly decreased with the increase of proportion of organic fertilizer,but the grains weight and seed-settling rate were significant increased.Compared with M0 and M30,replacing 30%organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer increased rice yield by 7.87%.Straw nitrogen uptakes,grain nitrogen uptakes,total nitrogen uptakes,NUE and agronomic efficiency of different ratio organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer significantly decreased with the increase of proportion of organic fertilizer,Compared to M0,NUE and agronomic efficiency of M30 treatment significantly increased by 2.26%and 34.85%.Therefore,30%organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer improve rice yield,nitrogen content of plant and nitrogen use efficiency,and 30%is the appropriate ratio.