养分专家系统推荐施肥对黑龙江省马铃薯产量及肥料回收率的影响

Effects of Recommended Fertilization by Nutrient Expert System on Potato Yield and Fertilizer Recovery Rate in Heilongjiang Province

为研究马铃薯养分专家系统在黑龙江省马铃薯生产中的应用效果,分别在黑龙江省马铃薯主产区克山县和赵光农场进行马铃薯养分专家系统推荐施肥的验证试验。设置养分专家系统推荐施肥处理(NE),在NE处理基础上设置不施氮肥处理(NE-N)、不施磷肥处理(NE-P)及不施钾肥处理(NE-K),同时设置农户习惯施肥处理(FP)和测土配方施肥处理(ST),研究马铃薯养分专家系统推荐施肥对马铃薯产量、养分回收率以及经济效益的影响。结果表明:与NE处理相比较,FP处理两年平均减产13.2%,ST处理减产9.7%;NE处理较FP处理的氮、磷和钾肥回收率分别提高1.6,8.6和8.1百分点;NE处理较ST处理的氮、磷肥回收率分别提高3.8和7.3百分点。通过优化推荐施肥量和施肥方法,养分专家推荐施肥提高了肥料回收率,同时增加了黑龙江省马铃薯主产区的马铃薯产量。

In order to study the application effect of potato nutrient expert system in recommended fertilization of potato in Heilongjiang Province,a fertilization verification experiment recommended by this system was carried out in Keshan County and Zhaoguang Farm,the two main potato producing areas in Heilongjiang Province.Set up recommend fertilization treatment by nutrient expert system(NE),on the basis of NE treatment,no nitrogen fertilizer treatment(NE-N),no phosphate fertilizer treatment(NE-P),and no potassium fertilizer treatment(NE-K).At the same time,the farmer's customary fertilization(FP)and soil testing fertilization(ST)were set up.The potato nutrient expert system were used to study the effect of fertilization on potato yield and nutrient recovery rate.The result showed that the yield of FP treatment by two years reduced by 13.2%compared with NE treatment,the yield of ST treatment reduced by 9.7%compared with NE treatment.Meanwhile,the fertilizer recovery rate of potato under NE treatment,nitrogen recovery rate increased by 1.6 percentage points,phosphate increased by 8.6 percentage points,potassium increased by 8.1 percentage points,compared with FP treatment,nitrogen recovery rate increased by 3.8 percentage points,phosphate increased by 7.3 percentage points,compared with ST treatment.In this study,it was preliminarily believed that nutrient experts'recommendation of fertilization in main potato producing areas of Heilongjiang Province could improve potato yield and fertilizer recovery rate by optimizing the recommended fertilizer application amount and fertilization method.