美国对外政策中的“议题联盟”行为分析

Analysis on “Issue-Focused Coalition” Behaviors in U. S. Foreign Policies

国家间就特定议题结盟的现象十分常见。议题联盟可以克服同盟困境与集体行为困境从而提升合作效率,超越传统战略关系框架从而扩大合作空间,呈现"多边主义"假象从而获得合法性。美国相比于其他国家更加热衷于组建议题联盟。这一方面源于美国从其霸权国的理性选择出发,利用议题联盟突破时效限制、规则限制、关系框架与任务目标,从而实现在特定议题中的利益最大化。另一方面,美国的战略思维和战略文化是深层次原因。如崇尚战略简洁、追求崇高使命、进行类属划线、善于规则外化、喜欢立竿见影等战略思维,以及二元对立的世界观、例外主义的身份观与实用主义的途径观等战略文化。

It’s quite common that some countries ally for specific issues.An issue-focused coalition can improve cooperation efficiency by overcoming dilemmas of coalition and collective behavior,and expand the room for cooperation by exceeding conventional strategic relations and framework,and provide legitimacy by displaying false"multilateralism".Compared with other countries,the USA is fond of establishing issue-focused coalitions.On one hand,as a country with hegemony,the USA can maximize its interests in specific issues by using such issue-focused coalitions to overcome the restrictions in time,efficiency and rules,the relation frameworks and task objectives.On the other hand,the USA’s strategic thoughts and culture represent the root causes,such as the strategic thoughts of admiring concise strategies,pursuing lofty missions,categorizing things,externalizing rules,and seeking instant effects,as well as strategic culture including binary world outlook,exceptionalism of identity outlook and pragmatism approach outlook.