贵州省2015~2019年空气质量及大气污染物时空分布特征研究

Temporal and Spatial Temporal Distribution of Air Quality and Air Pollutants in Guizhou Province from 2015 to 2019

利用2015~2019年贵州省9个城市的空气质量指数(AQI)和6种大气污染物逐日监测资料及同期气象要素观测资料,分析了贵州省各市年、季大气污染的分布特征,以及各市首要污染物出现频率的季节特征,探讨了6种大气污染物与气象要素之间的相关关系。结果表明:(1)贵州省总体空气质量较好,2015~2019年全省空气质量优良天数占全年90%以上,2018年空气质量为5年中最优;(2)AQI的空间分布呈现"北高南低"的分布特征,高值区在遵义、水城和铜仁,兴义空气质量最好;(3)6种大气污染物与平均气温、相对湿度、日平均气温、日降水量、相对湿度、平均风速呈高度显著相关;(4)贵州省的污染日主要集中出现在冬季,首要污染物主要是颗粒物(PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)),夏季出现污染日的情况最少,首要污染物主要是O3。

Based on the air quality index and the daily mass concentration monitoring data of six pollutants in 9 cities in the Guizhou province 2015 to 2019,conventional meteorological observation data from the same period,the air pollution distribution characteristics and the municipal primary pollutants of different years and seasons were analyzed.The relationship between the mass concentration of each pollutant and concurrent meteorological conditions was also discussed.The result show that:(1)In general,the air quality in Guizhou province is good,the number of days with excellent and good air quality is more than 90%of the whole year,and the air quality in 2018 was the best in the past five years.(2)The spatial distribution of AQI was characterized by"high in the north and low in the south",the high-value areas were in Zunyi,Shuicheng and Tongren,and Xingyi were relatively low.(3)The mass concentration of the six pollutants were significantly correlated with average air temperature,relative humidity,daily average air temperature,daily precipitation,relative humidity and average wind speed.(4)Pollution days in guizhou province mainly occur in winter,and the primary pollutants were mainly particulate matter(PM2.5 and PM10).In summer,the number of pollution days was the least,and the primary pollutant is mainly O3.