也谈汉语史的研究对象

A Further Study on the Research Object of the Chinese Linguistic History

现代汉语是古代汉语发展演变的结果,是汉语史建构中一个不可或缺的部分。汉语史的研究要以现代汉语为依托;汉语史的建构,要根据其两种表现形式,从“书面语史”与“口语史”两个角度建构全面、完整的汉语“史”,二者殊途同归,同等重要。汉语史的研究是以语料为基础的。由于语料的极端复杂性,导致我们在确定汉语史研究对象时的模糊和差异。汉语史的研究对象是能够反映语言事实的一切材料。这些反映语言事实的材料,在现代汉语阶段之前主要指用文字记载的书面材料;在现代汉语阶段则包括书面语材料和规范性的口语材料。在汉语史的具体研究领域,面对语料时的取舍应该有所差异。

Modern Chinese,the indispensable part of the construction of Chinese history,is the result of the evolution of ancient Chinese.The study in history of Chinese should rely on modern Chinese.As written language and spoken language are the two forms of expression in Chinese,comprehensive and complete construction of Chinese history should be based on the history of Chinese written and spoken language which is equally important.The research of Chinese history is based on corpus.However,it leads to the ambiguity and differences while determining the research object of Chinese history due to the extreme complexity of the corpus.The research object of Chinese history pertains to all materials that reflect the linguistic facts.Before the modern Chinese,these materials mainly refer to written materials recorded in writing;during the modern Chinese,they include written materials and normative spoken materials.In the specific research field of Chinese history,it should be distinctive in choosing corpus.